Eng Words
*For improving english skill
*day30-pose principal assorted assort ruthlessly fluctuate viability precarious imply diverge
divulge retard entirely abruptly instructive converse shortcoming vicinity prodigious
artisan motif incessantly steadfastly keenly intercourse episode bound-for penchant
incipient distort subject-to deter roundabout dim dubious duvious alarm perceptibly
ubiquitous constricted constrict elitic intervening-years efficacy reckless dismiss etch
-present create give-rise-to most-important major main prime various varied diverse classify
categorize without-mercy relentlessly cruelly change vary ability-to-exist ability-to-live
feasibility unstable insecure uncertain suggest indicate connote separate move-apart part
branch leak reveal antecedently slow-down delay completely wholly totally thoroughly
suddenly unexpectedly informative educational helpful useful communicate discourse
weakness disadvantage defect failing neighborhood area closeness proximity quit call-off
develop massive enormous amazing astonishing craftsman craftsperson design pattern device
archaic old constantly continuously persistently environment firmly solidly resolutely deeply
intensely acutely exchange interchange event occurrence incident happening occasional
sporadic going-to destined-for fondness liking initial beginning misrepresent twist falsify
duplication superfluity extra-capacity susceptible-to likely-to-get prolific preclude prevent
inhibit indirect circuitous faint weak obscure suspected suspicious distrustful questionable
deceitful insincere fear fright terror surprise startle dismay noticeably appreciably sensibly
omnipresent universal narrow contracted inhibit restrain call-forth obtain extract
between-years take-up receive adopt effectiveness efficiency potency careless heedless
inadvertent ignore disregard disband cut carve engrave
*day29-analogous repercussion impart foster elongate relentless compact predominantly
widespread myriad swiftly crucially projection project misleading seamless embellishment
sterile ambiguous out-of-sight perplexed despondent vital shrivel dissent qualify evolve
emergence surplus distant aim in-the-ascendant draw overlie devoid-of vessel be-incorporated-in
trauma
-comparable parallel effect consequence result give provide bestow offer grnat encourage
promote bring-up raise stretch lengthen extend prolong continuous unceasing persistent
merciless ruthless dense thick smaller pocket-sized little compress condense mainly
primarily mostly largely prevalent broadly-accepted common spoilable not-permanent collapse
multitude millions countless innumberable numerous set-up quickly speedily rapidly decisively
critically definitively reach estimate calculation forecast prediction plan propose spotlight size
magnitude deceptive unreliable delusive perfectly-smooth barren unproductive infertile
antiseptic occasionally now-and-then open-to-various-interpretations uncertain obscure hidden
invisible puzzled bewildered unhappy discouraged depressed essential important significant
dry-up wither wilt oppose object express disagreement meet-the-requirement entitle empower
develop progress notwithstanding appearance advent rise xcess redundance extra-goods faraway
remote cold aloof goal objective purpose attempt rising-in-importance attract engage cover
overspread lacking-in destitute-of ship boat craft container be-part-of damage
*day28-onset mount involved solely mechanism speculate adopt staple secrete
pursue toil toilsome approximate monumental puzzling divest pacifier relish
simulate hover omnious concur amplitude aptitude disintegrate liken-to
instigate resurgence patent regular by-virtue-of in-conjunction-with
confidence preponderance intermingle merchandise delicate
-intricated tangled only purely exclusively entirely suffer instrument device
apparatus means method way guess suppose hypothesize assume gamble
risk take-up being-to-use select basic-item regular-feature basic-feature
basic primary release produce excrete conceal hide veil practice conduct
perform work-hard labor strenuous arduous rough close near resemble
huge massive great-and-significant shorten constrict difficult-to-explain
enigmatic deprive strip despoil peacemaker arbitrator mediator intermediary
perpetually everlastingly evaluate judge calculate obstacle barrier hindrance
impediment surmount enjoy like delight-in revel-in imitate pretend feign
drift float stay-on-th-top foreboding portentous threatening agree assent
consent coincide size extent magnitude break-down fall-apart crumble
compare-to improper corrupt vicious cause provoke trigger incite unusual
comeback revival rebirth evident obvious apparent manifest routine ordinary
consistent because-of thanks-to on-account-of concomitant-with together-with
along-with certainty assurance faith differentiate tell-apart majority mix blend
market trade fragile brittle dainty exquisite fine
*day27-ramnant indispensable undermine undertake underlie fashion prolong controversial
encompass unaccounted-for manifest faithful faith concede haphazard mainstay edible legible
scrutinize beneficiary yield channel overview occasional entice work-out-at enlist diminish
ostentatious desert up displace numerous discharge
-leftover remains trace relic essential necessary requisite weaken attenuate way manner mode
shape create make extend lengthen protract sufficient satisfactory cease debatable disputed
producing disagreement accord harmonize lasting surviving everlasting perpetual include
contain embrace contemplate take-into-accout deem regard interconnect consolidate
alarming not-explained indicate reveal demonstrate delicate accurate exact precise veracious
conviction assurance admit accpet-as-true acknowledge grant menace imperil jeopardize
random chance casual important-part anchor buttress estable fit-to-eat safe-to-eat
recognizable readable examine inspect investigate probe fundamentally in-substance
recipient receiver parcel-out spread allot apportion inheritor successor particularly cede
surrender hand-over direct means way summary outline synopsis infrequent sporadic
intermittent tempt allure seduce opt be-calculated-at enroll join sign-up recruit abate
belittle depreciate rule showy abandon forsake leave increase raise augment multiply
supplant replace move-out-ot-position innumerable release emit excrete fulfill perform
*day26-assume assuming periodically locate impose
immunity embark-on probe exhaustive exclusive spark
tenacity distinctive deeply-ingrained instantaneous agitate
agitation in-profile rim anxious acquire inquire handy enactment
impede impend jettison segregate havoc dwindle dawdle vague
amplification
-counterbalance counteract cancel-out undertake take-on
adopt believe think suppose presume on-condition-that
provided regularly at-intervals occasionally refer-to
mention allude-to often usually find detect discover
position situate place force pressure enforce charge fine
requirement necessary-condition precondition exemption
impunity suitable appropriate apposite start(on) begin
investigate search examine explore exploration inquiry
tire weary fatigue thoroguh complete only sole single
handle control operate maneuver bring-about trigger
provoke hint stubbornness determination firmness
charateristic peculiar concerted joint firmly-established
immeidate prompt on-the-spot create-movement-in stir
beat turmoil disturbance from-side-view particularly
notably edge border verge margin apprehensive uneasy
eager keen longing entail convenient infrequent
assiduously carefully industriously different-from-one-another
establishment imminent upcoming modest unpretentious
unassuming cast-off separate seclude dissociate disunite
linger procrastinate compelling credible cogent discerning
perceptive candidly ingenuously unclear uncertain imprecise
obscure further-explanation
*day25-consequent decimation evoke elaborate enigmatic pragmatic dogmatic
coincide-with wrought lucrative extensive dampen opaque endorse advent
immutable imputable yardstick conviction hallmark timid apart-from graduate-to
deluxe dispute modulate sparsely linger antiquity impending doctrine groom gloom
stratify upset accrete uninterrupted
-certain inescapable resultant resulting eventual ensuing destruction
devastation arouse cause draw produce induce susceptible open-to-attack
more-complex complicated meke-detailed mysterious puzzling correspond-to
accord-with apparently ostensibly created formed manufactured impediment
profitable gainful advantageous widespread large wide broad far-readhing
moisten wet soak saturate restrain deter unclear obscure impenetrable
support subscribe back advocate sign arrival coming introduction appearance
intensely sharply unchangeable invariable unalterable attributable ascribable
measure criterion benchmark standard save retain maintain strong-belief
strong-opinion faith feature distinguishing-trait sure-signal shy fearful cowardly
vigorous healthy stalwart reject cast-aside intricate elaborate make-difficult entangle
besides except-for excluding progress-to advance-to proceed-to indicate show
manifest lavish luxurious opulent rich disagreement debate usually-practiced-custom
rule assembly conference conflicting antagonist opponent compete-with match adjust regulate tune
comparable even commensurate thinly widely-scattered go-beyond surpass
have-a-great-number-than remian stay ancient-times distant-past approaching imminent
tenet principle dogma donate endow pitch-in-with conduce halt end terminate
ahead-of clean tidy depression melancholy difference match connect link
upper-class upper-crust aristocracy gentry layer reduce abate diminish
disturb agitate unsettle worry tip-over overturn come-together accumulate
steady ceaseless incessant
*day24-sustain progressive strikingly comparable hinder concern
concerning presumably unresolved convey stringent to-a-large-extent
updated impulsive aberrant firmly invariably cramped allay alloy ally
fracture scanty marginally marginal infrequent conceive milestone
tempting antagonistic prized refuge full-sweep notwithstanding trap
gain issue obliterate voracious-predator
-support bear uphold next-in-a-series declare forcefully-establish
liberal increasing continuous remarkably noticeably analogous similar
equivalent alike inferface-with hamper stunt impede worry interest
regard care with-reference-to regarding supposedly probably
thought-to-be it-can-be-assumed undecided undetermined unsettled
transmit communicate deliver impart invent create design contrive strict
rigorous tight enormously immensely exceedingly for-the-most-part
mainly largely newer basic-motivation impetus spontaneous impetous
verification abnormal deviant eccentric erratic securely fixedly always
without-exception constantly divine confined restricted antiquated
archaic outmoded assured self-assured reduce relieve soothe rupture
crack gap cleft scarce sparse thin short meager fragment wreckage
remains dreg slightly somewhat a-little minor insignificant uncommon
rare unusual talent flair volume dimension imagine envision visualize
significant-event important-event attractive appealing inviting appetizing
hostile adversarial outstanding prominent valued mental discemment
shelter place-of-safety sanctuary whole-range despite in-spite-of catch
capture organized crisis exigency increase rise growth augmentation cue
indicate communicate gesture motion matter point question announce
proclaim delete erase efface strong-competitor
*day23-configuration(v) induce(vvvv) retain(v) detain(vv) erratic(v) eventual(v) mandate(vv) requisite
requite(vvv) partake-of(vvv) pledge(vv) dictate(vvv) durable collectively(v) furnish determine(vv)
determined(vvv) haul(v) found-wanting(vvvv) classic(v) grossly(vv) vivid transplant(v) implement(vvv)
excavate(v) secluded engulf truism(vvv) perpetuate(vvvvvv) illusory heyday proficient(vv) amply
desolate(vvvv) more-subtle(vvv) disrupt(vvv) forerunner immediate(vvv) wield(vvvv) crush(vvvvv) manner(vvv)
uneasy(vvv)
-arrangement(v) shape(v) form(v) conformation(v) persuade convince irregular(vvv)
unpredictable(vvv) uneven(vvv) ultimate final order(v) command(v) instruction(v) necessity
requirement essential required necessary return(v) repay(v) consume share promise(v)
oath(v) vow(v) undertaking(v) maintain boundary cramp enclose cage require(v) suggest(v)
prescribe(v) determine(v) long-lasting lasting enduring together all-together unitedly
provide supply offer metamorphose(v) resolve(v) conclude(v) figure-out(v) calculate(v)
resolute(v) firm(v) draw(v) pull(v) drag(v) heave(v) nearness(v) closeness(v) proximity(v)
judged-inadequate(v) typical exemplary model best finest excessively bright
brilliant graphic lifelike synthetic(vv) place-in-another-context(v) remove(v) relocate(v) hide(v)
disguise(v) conceal(v) tool(v) instrument(v) appliance(v) execute(v) enforce(v) dig-out(v) dig-up(v)
unearth(v) disinter(v) distaste nausea aversion(vv) remote hidden isolated solitary
swallow self-evident-truth(v) commonplace(v) cliche(v) inadvertent(vv) devise(vv) originate(vv)
characteristic-of(v) make-visible(v) exhibit(v) uncover(v) subject(v) continue immortalize
eternize misleading(v) deceptive(v) delusive(v) high-point golden-age prime
florescence skilled skillful expert adept(v) generously bountifully lavishly deserted
bleak(v) dreary(v) lonely solitary less-noticeable(v) interfere-with interrupt upset(v)
predecessor antecedent prompt(vv) on-the-spot(vv) nearest(v) neighboring(v) adjacent(v)
exercise(vv) use(vv) handle(vv) discourage deflate(vv) squash crumble way fashion mode
apprehensive(v) unstable disturbed ill-at-ease
*day22-compel restrain epitomize(vv) aggregate(v) in-principle(v) surveillance(vv) thwart(vv) banish(v)
forum quarters quarter abolish(v) staggering(vv) disclose(v) scores simulate excessive(v)
entitled-to(v) entitle(v) turbulence(v) archaic(v) eject(vv) inject intensity sloping(v) endeavor(v)
circumvent(v) counterproductive lucid revere(v) unpromising heed(vv)
-incredulous(vvv) dubious(vvv) most-satisfactory(vvv) suggest(vvv) insinuate(vvv) question(vvv) dispute(vvv)
force oblige require(vv) coerce(vv) preserve(v) keep(v) maintain(v) suppress(v) repress(v) tightly(vv)
precisely(vv) only(vv) exclusively(vv) solely(vv) distinctvely(vvv) earn(vv) derive(vv) achieve(vv) exemplify typify
represent summarize abridge(v) overall total combined collective gather collect
combine accumulate amass observation watch supervision occur-with(vv) come-with(vv)
perilous(v) frustrate(vv) exile expartriate(v) public-area public-square trespass enter intrude
raid(v) residence dwelling habitation abode(v) accommodate house eliminate end(v) annul(v)
revoke(v) nullify(v) shocking astonishing stunning astounding reveal divulge(vv) unveil
a-large-number host(v) crowd multitude(v) anxious-to(v) keen-to(v) impatient-to(v) methodically
spur promote activate imitate pretend narrow(v) confined(v) extreme(v) undue(vv) exorbitant(v)
comparable(v) alike(v) analogous(v) given-the-right-to authorized-to qualified-to empower
warrant perpetually(vvv) always(vvv) agitation tumult commotion(v) turmoil substance(v) nature(v)
suport stand-by(v) aid assist adaptability(v) adjustability(v) versatility(v) antiquated(v) outdated(v)
old(v) primitive(v) force-out(vv) throw-out(vv) expel(vv) construe(vv) explain(vv) understand(vv) strength(v)
inclining inclined slanted make-an-effort strive struggle attempt(v) get-around
bypass detour contrary-to-what-is-necessary clear obvious distinct trace pragmatic
functional honor admire venerate(v) respect unfavorable(vv) attention notice caution
pay-attention-to listen-to
*day21-dissipate(vv) profound(vv) intriguing(v) ingenuity conquer(v) spell(v) facet(v)
mundane(vv) mere(vvv) intrusive intrude culminate-in(vv) prompt(vv) distinction(v)
appreciation(v) flag(v) ambivalent(vv) term (v) destitute-of(vvv) principal juncture(v) discount(vv)
or-so dejected(vv) for-all(v) erode errosion sporadic(vvv) thrill mutilate(vvv) rigidly
matter(vv) contradicting unwilling
-do-well(v) disperse scatter squnder(v) waste(v) great significant fundamental
far-reaching interesting-but-not-completely-understood fascinating
appreciably(v) fairly(v) creativeness inventiveness cleverness defeat prevail
triumph acquisition break-apart(vv) shatter(vv) divide(vv) a-certain-period-of-time
aspect phase ordinary banal commonplace crowded thick compact
unplanned unpredictable chance nothing-more-than(v) insignificant(v)
interfering meddlesome(v) push-in(v) encroach(v) reach-completion-in(vv)
reach-the-highest-point-in(vv) hold-in-place(v) support(v) cause(v) bring-about(v)
induce(v) stimulate(v) difference(v) divergence(vv) contrast(vv) steady(vv) stationary(vv)
uncahgeable(vv) understanding comprehansion expertise urbanity refinement
proclamation(vv) lesson weaken fade wither(vv) mark label mixed(vv) unsure(vv)
undecided(vv) call name designate denominate lacking empty-of deficient-in
lamentably(vv) sadly(vv) basic-method(vv) original-method(vv) comprise(vv) connection
junction link ignore disregard roughly depressed(v) downhearted(v) in-spite-of
with-all despite distinctively(vv) censure(vv) wear-down(v) wear-away(v) wear-out(v)
corrosion(v) strain(v) pressure(v) antique(v) occasional(v) intermittent(v) irregular(v)
infrequent(v) crest acme exhaustive(v) scrupulous(v) conclude(v) derive(v) reason(v)
deduce(v) central-idea center heart change variation alteration excitement
exhilaration frisson damage(v) injure(v) disable(v) rigorously severly substance
material stuff issue be-important opposing(v) reluctant
-though(still(not whether))
*day20-harness(v) radically(vv) deposit size-up(v) contiguous(vv) engage(vv) engagement(v)
pertinent(vvv) traumatic(vv) dispersal(vv) sought-after(vv) mastery(vv) perpetually(vvv) excrete(vvv)
execrate(vv) affluent stationary cling-to(v) endow(vv) verging-on(vvv) contemptuous(v)
mere-subsistence(v) adherent invaluable resume composite illuminate(v)
allure(v) rekindle(v) tentative(v) suppose(v) primitive(v) interrupt(v) terminal(v)
-utilize put-to-use employ high-regard status extremely completely
essentially set-forth(vv) lay-place(vv) lay-down(vv) set-down(vv) leave-behind(vv)
accumulation(v) sediment(v) sterile(v) unable-to-sustain-life(v) produce(vv) provoke(vv)
bring-about(vv) evaluate measure assess appraise reproduce(vv) adjoining(v)
transmissible involve(v) reserve(v) book(v) hire(v) combat original(v) indispensable(v)
required(v) relevant related germane disturbing upsetting
highly-stressful overall by-and-large distribution scattering clearance(v)
desired(v) desirable(v) in-demad(v) bloat(v) control(v) expertise(v) continually(v)
incessantly(v) ceaselessly(v) expel discharge eject loathe despise slowly
little-by-little plentiful well-off(v) unmoving motionless immobile stick-to
hold-tightly adhere-to donate grant provide(v) endure(v) bordering-on(v)
scornful(v) disdainful(v) ascertain(v) rigorous(v) inclement(v)
basic-living-necessaries(v) supporter advocate pricelss consecutive(vv) layer
film twofold light brighten clarify attract invite appeal lure renew
arouse reawaken uncertain unsure assume presume surmise early
primeval simple rudimentary break-off(vvv) comply obey follow
incorporate final last fatal deadly state(v) show(v)
*day19-forage(vv) erect(v) integral(vv) objective deviate(vvv) vigor primordial(v) cluster(v)
revise(v) rebound(v) minutely tend(v) luxuriant(v) altogether(vvv) astounding(v)
propagation(vv) encroach(v) superb(v) accomodate(v) glimpse-into(v) wary(v)
subordinate thrive(v) by-and-large frigid appreciate(vv) apparatus engender(v)
adverse accomplished complement refrain-from(vv) underscore inspire
swell deficient indiscriminately to-some-extent(v)
-seek-for-food search hunt rummage feed fodder food build
construct set-up upright straight essential(vv) crucial(vv) indispensable(vv)
complete(v) process(v) manage(v) deal-with(v) purpose(v) aim(v) goal(v) unbiased(v)
impartial(v) depart turn-aside diverge stray(v) definitive(v) definite(v) earliest(v)
gather group assemble bunch clump change modify alter edit
correct hidden(v) dim(v) faint(v) recovery rally bounce-back recovery return
accordingly in-detail(vv) meticulously(vv) take-care-of
look-after care-for foster be-inclined be likely repercussion(vv) rich(vvv)
abundant(vvv) exuberant(vvv) opulent(vvv) fully completely entirely totally wholly
spread dissemination trespass invade intrude erratic exotic heave(v)
hoist(v) excellent(vv) outstanding(vv) magnificent(vv) lodge make-room-for hold
adjust-to suit adapt fit immeasurable(v) boundless(v) brief-view-into(v)
quick-look-into(v) fashion(v) cautious distrustful watchful spread(v) growth(v)
self-rule independence protest grievance(v) secondary subject
dependent subdue do-well(vvv) prosper flourish
for-the-most-part(vvv) on-the-whole(vvv) cold freezing frosty recognize(v)
understand(v) perceive(v) euipment device cause bring-about generate
negative unfavorable not-favorable harmful(v) skilled proficient obscure(vv)
consistent(v) even(v) invariable(v) supplement admiration avoid abstain-from
keep-from pillar emphasize reinforce underline accentuate
fire-the-imagination-of increase expand(v) enlarge(v) deprivation(vvvv) randomly
randomly within-limits(v) arranged-in-order-of(v)
*day18-initiative(vvvv) provided-that(v) phenomenal(vv) likewise(vv) tangible absurd( vv)
inclement(vvvv) overly(v) consume(v) overall(v) proliferation(vvvvv) copious(vv) negligible(vvvv)
notably(vvvvv) worshiper(v) pool(vv) at-the-urging-of(vv) regime(v) acclaim(v) reclaim(v)
declaim(v) disparity(v) bold(v) allied(vv) authoritative(vvv) moral(v) compatible(vvvv) stress
peculiarity(vv) rely-upon saturate(v) constitution efface(v) routinely
implication(vv) unambiguous(v) rigor(vv) contentious(v) string(v) decompose(v) lateral(v)
-enterprise ambition drive plan scheme if once on-the-condition-that
supposing extraordinary(v) remarkable(v) similarly(v) in-the-same-way(v) also(v) as-well(v)
material(v) physical(v) concrete(v) substantial(v) ridiculous preposterous(v) ludicrous(v)
unfavorable(v) harsh(v) severe(v) excessively(v) inordinately(v) unduly(v) destroy devastate
demolish eat devour general(v) total(v) comprehensive(v) advance(v) further(v) forward(v)
multiplication(v) insignificant(v) slight(v) minor(v) trivial(v) particularly especially
in-particular combination(v) put-together(v) combination(v) group(v)
at-the-recommendation-of(v) embellishing administration(v) applaud(v) apprehensible(v)
inequality(v) disproportion(v) daring(v) brave(v) courageous(v) vivid bright important(v)
significant(v) drawn-out-of(v) tempt(v) linked(v) connected(v) official(v) authorized(v) lesson message
teaching spirit(v) confidence(v) consistent(v) congruous(v) consonant(v) emphasize highlight underline
emphasis accent particular(v) feature(v) characteristic(v) quality(v) depend-upon
resort-to(v) swift soak(v) drench(v) wet-thoroughly(v) charter(v) form(v) structure(v) wipe-out(v)
erase(v) expunge(v) affordable(v) easy-to-handle(v) move-toward(v) come-forward(v) near(v)
reach(v) method(v) way(v) commonly(v) regularly(v) habitually(v) adjust(v) acclimate(v) conform(v)
consequence(v) result(v) inference(v) intimation(v) clear(v) distinct(v) definite(v) harshness(v)
strictness(v) rigidness(v) hardship(v) adversity(v) capable(v) sufficient(v) adequate(v)
inconceivable(v) series chain side
-promote(advance, x-subdue)
*day17-ultimate(v) brittle(v) impetus(v) impetuous(vvvv) orchestrate(v) hamper(v) roughly(v) orientation(vv) orient(vvv)
converge(v) inflate(vv) terrain(v) in-earnest(vv) agile standstill(v) persuasively(v) miraculous intangible(vv) secure(vv)
subsist(v) archive(v) mode(v) commemorate(vv) henceforth(vv) transparent prominence incorporate(v)
meticulous(vv) dismantle(vv) lavish(vvvv) dormant(vvvv) exempt(vvvv) rather(vvvv) judiciously(vvvv) tolerate(vvvv)
-lengthy(v) extended(v) protracted(v) comparable(v) supreme(v) fundamental(v) basic(v) primary(v) leader(v)
founder(v) introduce(v) tradition(v) spur(v) impulse(v) hasty(v) rash(v) limit(v) margin(v) coordinate(v) organize(v)
impede hinder not-suitable uninhabitable common general perspective inclination
disposition induction come-together meet move-closer gather swell bloat expand enlarge
landscape territory area decisively seriously earnestly solemnly nimble quick active
complete-stop halt convincingly compellingly nonmaterial impalpable incorporeal procure
chain endure exist survive official-document record method form fashion style celebrate
memorialize specify await look-forward-to from-now-on hereafter clear obvious lucid
limpid importance greatness include take-apart disassemble break-down rich deluxe
luxurious shower heap robust driving-force miss fail-to-notice inactive torpid free immune
not-subject-to excused somewhat slightly support prove give-a-rational-basis-of excuse
explanation originate unrehearsed arise-from wisely sensibly prudently accept allow permit
-orientation(induction)
*day16-subsequently(v) explicit(vv) elicit(vvvvvv) prevailing rudimentary(vvvvvv)
allude-to(vvvvvv) fuse(v) infuse(vvvv) transitory(v) inviolable(vvv) supersede(v)
elaboration(vvv) pristine(v) hence fabricate(vvv) meet(vvv) devour amiss(vv)
figure-out(v) augment(vvvvvv) trespass(vvv) deduce(v) deduction(vv) quantify
aggregation(vv) lax(vvv) pace keen(vv) prowess(vvv) anyone-can-see(vvv) coarse
impervious(v) moderate(vvvv) modulate(vvv) stagnant(vvvvv) drive(vvvvv)
allegedly(vvvvvv) differential maintain jointly joint aridity archetypal(vvvv) implant
standpoint cue(vv) trappings(v) spawn(vvvv) outbreak(v)
-current existing fundamental dogmatic(v) ephemeral(v) fleeting(v) sacred(v)
displace(v) supplant(v) serious(v) development(v) improvement(v)
at-an-unvarying-rate(v) forge fake gulp gobble errorneous determine(v) calculate(v)
work-out(v) supplement(v) invade encroach infringe conclude(v) derive(v) cut
measure(v) body assemblage neglectful(v) negligent(v) speed rate tempo acute
eager earnest desert(v) give-up(v) forsake(v) relinquish(v) ability(v) competence(v)
expertise(v) it-is-clear(v) rough crude impermeable(v) resistant(v) impenetrable(v)
lessen diminish temperate adjust regulate inactive(v) sluggish(v) propel force push
impel compel ambition campaign effort angst(v) uneasiness(v) employ(v) uneven
discriminatory continue(v) claim contend in-conjunction-with(v) as-one(v) collective(v)
calamitous(v) surprisingly(v) ideal classic exemplary knowingly(v) smash embed(b) signal
sign give-rise-to(v) create produce offspring sudden-increase upsurge
*day15-intact albeit attainment(vv) progressively setback cutback supress(v) incidentally(v) tacit sustained radical grasp precipitate(v) interlock accordingly
remarkably disputable congeal(v) realm dimension deplete(v) ice-sheet bountifully periphery apparently far-reaching embody(v) evade against(vv)
oblige(v) identical intimately spot(v) immerse(v) be-tempted-to(vv) inception
-whole(v) complete unaffected intricate elaborate involved(v) system(v) standard(vvvvv) usual(vvvvv) sensible(vvv) sufficient(vvv) fulfillment(vvv) increasingly(vvv) hold-back(v) restrain
stop-by-force by-the-way(v) maneuver(v) implicit implied establish-the-truth-of(v) constant(vvvvv) continued(vvvvv) uninterrupted(vvvvv) prolonged(vvvvv) fundamental(v) basic(v)
extreme drastic high-quality(v) superior(v) main comprehend(v) apprehend(v) grip(v) seize(v) conspicuously(vv) notably(vv) bring-about(v) cause(v) give-rise-to(v) trigger(v)
link connect join consequently(vvvv) for-the-reason(vvvv) applicable(vv) pertinent(vv) germane(vv) surprisingly challengeable debatable arguable solidify(v) harden(v)
stiffen(v) condense(v) cover(vv) wary(vv) prudent(vv) discreet(vv) sphere(v) domain(v) praise(v) magnify(v) magnitude exhaust(v) empty(v) use-up(v) reduce(v) distinctive peculiar(v)
special(vv) quality(vvv) onlooker(vv) copiously(vv) plentifully exuberantly(vv) lose-the-ability-to-move fluctuation(v) difference(v) edge boundary border fringe(v)
seemingly(v) ostensibly(v) outwardly(v) evidently(v) extensive(v) widespread(v) board(v) incarnate(vvv) represent(vvv) manifest(vvv) contain(vvv) incorporate(vvv) elude shun next-to
beside owing-to(v) attrubutable-to(v) arrange(vv) assort(vv) force(v) require(v) compel(v) assist(v) benefit(v) indistinguishable(v) equal(v) dubious(vvv) detect see find cover(vv)
plunge(vv) dip(vv) be-inclined-to(v) beginning
*day14-lethal modest(v) deflect highlight exert(v) recurring meager(v) prevail(v) exclusively(vv) consensus now-and-then discrete improbable
undisputed(v) allocation inconclusive withstand cornerstone mobilize given-that(vv) cargo solitary coinage(v) reconcile obligation
sever foremost surge hasten(v) tentatively(v) scorn throughout pitfall(v) befall(vv) coupled-with span hollow hallow appreciable(v)
spearhead methodically
-pernicious small not-large limited simple unpretentious(vvv) constituent misuse completely strongly divert stress(v) underline accent
apply exercise employ put-forth wield prospective(v) latent(v) recurrent scanty(v) scarce(v) very-low(v) deficient(v) be-dominant dominate
bewidespread be-prevalent triumph soley(vv) only(vv) entirely(vv) totally(vv) occasionally(vv) from-time-to-time(vv) at-times(vv) secure(vv) fasten(vv)
unlikely(vvv) implausible(vvv) doubtful(vvv) recognized(vvv) allotment assignment not-definitive indecisive underpining(v) indication trace inadvertently(vv)
pinnacle(v) height(v) incessant(v) exhaustive(v) intensive(v) put-into-action(v) deploy(v) accepting-that(vv) shipment load freight secluded(vvv) somewhat
inconceivable(v) creation innovation bring-together reunite rigorous(vv) strict(vv) liability(v) preeminent(vv) wax(v) accelerate rush speed-up hesitantly(vv)
ridicule(v) disdain(v) sneer(v) despise(v) during-every-part-of(v) during-the-whole-of(v) mammoth extend-across cover cross unfilled sanctify(v) revere(v)
significant noticeable considerable head systematically
-relic(vestige)
*day13-merely decimate inceptive retrieve compress designate dissemination(v) hypothetical flowing stipulate(v) evident full-fledged(v)
laborious tantalizing transmit candidly compulsorily deliberation preposterous(vv) occasionally inconceivable breeding overriding
override favor sediment predominate realize circuitous owing-to(v) model with-respect-to damaging heighten(vv) shortly(v) seep(vv)
-inducement(vvv) recover(v) obtain regain condense compact contract crush(v) identify(vvv) define(vvv) spread(v) distribution(v) diffusion(v) discernible(vv)
imaginary(vv) require(v) demand(v) call-for(v) orientation(vvv) enrich(vvv) intensify(vvv) manifest full-blown(v) strenuous(vv) industrious dilligent give-off(vv) release(vv)
discharge(vv) send-out(vv) breathtaking(v) tempting(v) enticing(v) teasing(v) convey(v) communicate(v) send(v) plainly(v) by-requirement(vv) obligatorily(vv)
mandatorily(vv) reflection(vvv) unbelievable(vvv) absurd(vvv) nonsensical(vvv) scattered thinly-distributed scanty meager(vvv) scarce once-in-a-while
now-and-then propagation dominant(vv) chief(vv) principal(vv) take-precedence-over(v) lean-toward(v) deposition(v) regularly(vvv) typically(vvv) assess
proportion(v) outweigh(vv) prevail(vv) most-popular be-aware-of(vvv) understand(vvv) catch-on(vvv) achieve accomplish fulfill roundabout as-a-result-of(vv)
specimen prototype example in-terms-of(vv) in-reference-to(vv) uninterrupted ongoing unceasing consecutive(v) innominate(vv) rather(v) detrimental(v)
noxious(v) increase intensify allotment curtly abruptly apart-from(vvv) ooze(v) custom(v)
-overriding constantly(typically) mverely(purely)
*day12-feasible(vv) vibrant(v) sovereign eventually corroborate(vvv) inaugurate urbane envision intermediate frightful irrevocable
burgeoning(v) terrestrial adorn diversion intimate blossom posterity aggravate(vvv) obtainable(v) extent ingenuous burst outlying
metriculously utilitarian constitute reciprocal reciprocate expedite propulsion(vvv) resolute resolution phase
-practicable viable most-likely(v) vivacious vivid brilliant tremor quiver buildup collection stock relate associate commonly
casually central essential tone secret clue in-time enduring constant substantiate introduce commence as-well besides
carry-out(v) fulfil implement(v) produce(v) put-to-death cultivated sophisticated polished refined brag swagger pride-oneself-on
conceive(v) visualize in-betwwen between-extremes alarming escalating(v) earthly worldly onshore beautify lack-of-pattern
distraction derive-from stem-from bloom footing frivolous(v) exacerbate(vv) attainable stretch innocent break-open break-out
focus-on center-on pragmatic functional make-up comprise compose proneness object item article accelerate spped-up
urge rush situation identify moving-forward thrust impetus firm determined steadfast unwavering moderately pretty impartially
*day11-counterpart pronounced(v) exceedingly discern discerning conducive to(v) swift domesticate consistent with
persevere arouse occupy(v)
-remain(v) astute(v) choice(v) perfect immersed-in fleet intimidate frighten admire(v) charge(v) disruption obstruction
propagate apparatus(v) appliance(v) dissimilar(v) defect blemish(v) shortcoming rebut clement(v) in agreement with(v)
congruent with(v) be on the way(v) carry on(v) persist(v) conduct(v) give provide provoke engross(v) engage absorb uncovered
in-agreement-with
*day10-facilitate immerse bustling(vvv) boon steadfast questioning scatter attest fortify subtraction as-a-rule-of-thumb relay
scrupulous(vvv) repel repellent
-adapt impute(vvv) refer vent(vvv) belittle conspicuous(v) procure earn unwavering(vv) resolute(vv) dainty(vv) dispute(vv)
take-a-critical-look-at(vv) suspicious dissipate(v) makeshift(v) transitory(v) withdraw(v) ravage deduction obscure(v) impart(v)
cloud(vv) fastidious(vv) meticulous(vv) derivation(v) stick cleave cling dispose-of drive-away beat-off repulsive(v) perceptible
-expendable->extendable optimum->most-favorable
*day9-tremulous breakthrough inducement irreversible comprise culmination culminate allegiance
idiosyncrasy minute markedly dissemiate(v) detrimental(v) presume anarchy derive sole embellish
antagonize yearn(vv) renounce(v) keep-in-check subsistence(v) emerge(v) equivocal(v) oversee presumable
calculatedly deviation(v) hairline formulate astute(v) reliable take-precedence-over allusion(v) delusion rebellion
-commence trembling lure irreparable irrevocable irremediable encompass pinnacle fidelity commitment peculiarity
eccentricity diminutive existing injurious pernicious wind meander single solitary adorn aggravate counteract long pine
sympathize compassion deficiency reject relinquish restrain loom spring-up come-out specify designate appoint
vague obscure emit give-off discharge exude superintend uneven rugged bumpy coarse hinder rule-out exclude
probable likely possible departure divergence aberration forge shrewd sharp dependable implication suggestion
illusion uprising revolt
*day8-proliferate electric intricate potent potency extract coarse-through inadvertently arduous
feat demise immensely profuse insolent shoddy whereby ardent be-accompanied-by
-appraise incitement incentive prompt vital acute tangled unwittingly strenuous exploit strife
loom candidly defer preclude impede avert superfluous wordy copious lavish adorn embellish
instantiate gluttonous amend ameliorate swelling impertinent impudent reiterate imbibe soak-up
fervent defunct
*day7-unwieldy extended ephemeral controversy lag exude precede acute article recompense reflect
rudiments mortal turmoil majestic variety subject
-peril jeopardy awkward facilitate execute work-out put-through situate linger dawdle give-off reciprocity
come-before antecede forerun parched repayment compensation meditate ponder lethal fatal clumsy
oblige bind unrest agitation stir august foremost multiplicity diminish cut participant expose abscond
*day6-invariable assimilate altercation account surmise imposing plague deteriorate inflict propel
contemplate representative
-dissipate disseminate blemish pliable compelling inquiring ramification importance signification
delude disengage unconcern indifferent description report narrative endorse deft adroit proficient
accommodate vestige affect form influence exact impel reproduce delegate
*day5-compelling incompatible inordinate disputatious tenuous viable impediment vacate enact
with-regard-to turbulent appraisal proponent
-cogent discrepant pursue essay fuse loom remnant astounding employment slim faint exorbitant
undue commence epitome pretend assume surmise worsen incoherent unpaid verify support
contentious quarrelsome manifold extirpate gain-impetus sterile pungent plausible strange
ascribable-to agitated tumultuous adherent partisan unqualified
*day4-readily, advocate, utterly, abound, formidable, disband, alleged, versatile, prohibitive, inherent,
justify, provoke, impermeable, forestall, proximity, dependable, ensuing, appreciably, wholesale, tacit,
merit, appeal, fastidious, contraction, intermingled, succulent, practically
-teem, disperse, eminent, exorbitant, congenital, incite, impervious, hinder, avert, induce, coerce,
compel, constrain, settle, virtue, coalesce, discord, breach, plead, choosy, diminution, secluded,
pulpy, epoch, menace
*day3-spontaneous, cast about, rigorous, largely, repudicate, alternate, tentativeness, fragmentary
*day2-implausible, conspicuous, susceptible to, obsolete, conceivable, discrepancy
*day1-extant, sedentary, stunted, encroachment day 30
*1. pose
*1. present, create, give rise to
**Wild pigs pose a threat to the native plants of the Hawaiian Islands.
**(위협 등을) 가하다, 일으키다
*2. principal
*2. most important, major, main, prime
**Hemley was one of the principal authors of the WWF’s 1997 tiger report.
**주요한
*3. assorted
*3. various, varied, diverse
**The assorted cultures of New York City are signs of its mixed population.
**다채로운
*3-1. assort
*3-1. classify, categorize
**분류하다
*4. ruthlessly
*4. without mercy, relentlessly, cruelly
**European explorers ruthlessly took Native American land.
**무자비하게
*5. fluctuate
*5. change, vary
**Because the temperature fluctuates so much in Wisconsin, many people carry warm clothes and umbrellas in their cars.
**변동하다
*6. viability
*6. ability to exist, ability to live
*6. feasibility
**Certain bacteria are known for their viability in the most extreme environments.
**The viability of sending astronauts to Mars has been questioned by many experts.
**생존 능력
**실행 가능성
*7. precarious
*7. unstable, insecure, uncertain
**The stock’s recent fall put investors in a precarious position.
**불안정한
*8. imply
*8. suggest, indicate, connote
**A commentator implied that education became compulsory in the 1500s to encourage children to read the Bible.
**시사하다
*9. diverge
*9. separate, move apart, part, branch
**About four miles outside town, the road diverges and becomes two separate highways.
**갈라지다
*9-1. divulge
*9-1. leak, reveal
**누설하다
*10. previously
*10. formerly, before, antecedently
**Today Alaska is part of the US, but it was previously owned by Russia.
**이전에
*11. portray
*11. depict, show, picture, describe
**Early American writers often portrayed a pioneer life as harsh and difficult.
**묘사하다, 보여주다
*12. suitable
*12. appropriate, proper, apt
**Jeans and a sweatshirt are not suitable attire for a formal event.
**적절한
*13. retard
*13. slow down, delay
**Failing to obtain the necessary inputs on time can retard the production of the final product.
**지체시키다
*14. entirely
*14. completely, wholly, totally, thoroughly
**In one Swedish city, there is a hotel made entirely of ice.
**완전히
*15. abruptly
*15. suddenly, unexpectedly
**The meeting ended abruptly because the chair person had to take an urgent call.
**갑자기
*16. instructive
*16. informative, educational, helpful, useful
**Most documentaries aim to present their audiences with instructive content.
**교육적인, 유익한
*17. converse
*17. opposite, reverse
*17. communicate, discourse
**John and his brother are very different, and they often hold converse opinions.
**converse with Jane
**반대의
**대화를 나누다
*18. shortcoming
*18. weakness, disadvantage, defect, failing
**The inspection revealed some serious shortcoming in the company’s security procedures.
**결점, 단점
*19. vicinity
*19. neighborhood, area
*19. closeness, proximity
**There are a lot of historical buildings in the vicinity of Buckingham Palace.
**The city of El Paso has a strong Hispanic influence because of its vicinity to the Mexican border.
**주변, 인근
**근접
*20. abort
*20. quit, halt, call off
**The research team aborted the experiment due to a lack of funds.
**중단하다
*21. broaden
*21. widen, expand, enlarge, develop
**Deciding it was time for personal growth, Timmy left home to travel the world for a year and broaden his horizons.
**넓히다
*22. whereas
*22. while
**Dorian prefers playing basketball at the park, whereas his rommate enjoys watching televison.
**~에 반하여
*23. prodigious
*23. massive, enormous
*23. amazing, astonishing
**Beavers store prodigious amounts of food to survive the harsh winter.
**a prodigious talent
**막대한
**놀라운
*24. artisan
*24. craftsman, craftsperson
**The European Renaissance produced many famous artisans, including painters, metalworkers, and jewelry makers.
**장인
*25. motif
*25. design, pattern, device
**The quilt that Thelma made last month has a repetitive floral motif that is very pleasing to the eye.
**a medieval family’s heraldic device
**무늬
*26. antique
*26. ancient, archaic, old
**Harry likes to collect antique Roman and Greek coins.
**고대의, 오래된
*27. incessantly
*27. constantly, cotinuously, persistently
**Patton had to incessantly plead with Congress for equipment for his army.
**끊임없이
*28. habitat
*28. environment, home, dwelling, living quarters
**Exotic species can have a negative impact on the local habitat.
**서식환경, 거주지
*29. steadfastly
*29. firmly, solidly, resolutely
**Einstein steadfastly believed that the universe was eternal and refused to consider the Big Bang theroy plausible.
**확고하게
*30. keenly
*30. deeply, intensely, acutely
**The housing market is keenly affected by changes in interest rates.
**강렬하게, 몹시
*31. intercourse
*31. exchange, interchange
**Studying abroad provides opportunities for cultural intercourse.
**교류, 교환
*32. episode
*32. event, occurrence, incident, happening
*32. occasional, sporadic
**Watergate was an embarrassing episode in the history of US politics.
**하나의 사건
**가끔씩 일어나는
*33. bound for
*33. going to, destined for
**Jennifer bought a ticket for a train bound for Chicago.
**~행의, ~를 향한
*34. penchant
*34. inclination, tendency, fondness, liking
**Louis XIV’s penchant for spending without limits left France with huge debts.
**경향, 기호
*35. incipient
*35. initial, beginning
**If dianosed in its incipient stages, cancer is treatable in a large number of cases.
**초기의
*36. distort
*36. misrepresent, twist, falsify
**According to the senator, the media distorted the message of his speech.
**왜곡하다
*37. redundancy
*37. duplication, superfluity, extra capacity
**Good communicators avoid redundancy in the information they present.
**불필요한 중복, 과잉
*38. subject to
*38. susceptible to, likely to get
**Many orchids are sensitive to cold and subject to the slightest changes in temperature.
**~에 영향을 받기 쉬운
*39. bountiful
*39. abundant, plentiful, ample, prolific
**Each year a bountiful harvest of wheat and corn is produced in the state of Nebraska.
**풍부한
*40. deter
*40. stop, preclude, prevent, inhibit
**Slavery deterred the development of a just and equal society.
**방해하다, 막다
*41. roundabout
*41. indirect, circuitous
**Many commuters use roundabout routes to avoid traffic congestion.
**우회적인, 간접적인
*42. dim
*42. faint, weak, obscure
**Under the dim light of the moon, rescue workers searched all night for the missing hikers.
**희미한
*43. dubious
*43. suspected, suspicious, distrustful, questionable
**Joseph’s alibi seemed highly dubious, so the police took him in for questioning.
**의심스러운
*43-1. devious
*43-1. deceitful, insincere
**기만적인
*44. alarm
*44. fear, fright, terror
*44. surprise, startle, dismay
**Jane felt alarm at the sight of the snake.
**The result of Taiwan’s presidential election is certain to alarm Beijing.
**공포
**놀라게 하다
*45. eminent
*45. distinguished, outstanding, prominent
**Stephen Hawking is one of the most eminent physicists to have ever lived.
**뛰어난
*46. perceptibly
*46. noticeably, appreciably, sensibly
**The position of a plant will change perceptibly as it follows the sun across the sky.
**눈에 띄는, 상당히
*47. ubiquitous
*47. omnipresent, universal
**The fact that fast food is so ubiquitous plays a large part in the global obesity epidemic.
**어디에나 존재하는
*48. dryness
*48. aridity, aridness, drought
**Crops do not grow well in deserts due to the dryness of the land.
**건조
*49. constricted
*49. narrow, contracted
**High blood pressure can often result from constricted blood vessels.
**좁은, 죈
*49-1. constrict
*49-1. inhibit, restrain
**억제하다
*50. elicit
*50. call forth, obtain, extract
**Survey questions must be designed to elicit truthful answers from respondents.
**(정보, 반응 등을) 끌어내다
*51. intervening years
*51. between years
**World War I ended in 1919, World War II started in 1939, and in the intervening years, Europe was at peace.
**사이에 있는 세월
*52. embrace
*52. accept, take up, receive, adopt
**It is not always easy for some people to embrace other cultures.
**받아들이다
*53. efficasy
*53. effectiveness, efficiency, potency
**The efficacy of recycling programs varies greatly from city to city.
**효능
*54. reckless
*54. careless, heedless, inadvertent
**Tom’s reckless driving caused the accident.
**부주의한
*55. diversification
*55. the emergence of many varieties
**Agriculture and manufacturing once dominated the economy, but modern times have brought more diversificaion.
**다양화
*56. dismiss
*56. ignore, disregard
*56. disband
**William Blake’s poetry is famous today, but his contemporaries largely dismissed his work.
**dismiss the jury
**무시하다, 묵살하다
**해산하다
*57. etch
*57. cut, carve, engrave
**The Holocaust was a terrible event that will be forever etched in Jewish history.
**새기다
*58. precision
*58. accuracy
**The atomic clock keeps time with extreme precision.
**정확성
*59. currently
*59. at the present time
**Currently, demand for oil is the highest it has ever been.
**현재는, 지금은
day 29
*1. analogous
*1. similar, comparable, like, parallel
**Archimedes was certain that wings of an airplane were analogous in function to the wings of a hummingbird.
**유사한
*2. repercussion
*2. effect, consequence, result
**One of the repercussions of the Great Depression was a high unemployment rate.
**(사건, 행동 등의) 영향
*3. impart
*3. give, provide, bestow, offer, grant
**Engineers are trying to impart human qualities to robots.
**주다, 부여하다
*4. foster
*4. encoruage, promote
*4. bring up, raise
**Psychologists say that to foster good reading habits in their children, parents should be avid readers themselves.
**foster over 100 children
**조장하다
**양육하다
*5. elongate
*5. stretch, lengthen, extend, prolong
**Turtles have the ability to elongate their necks to catch prey.
**늘이다
*6. in tandem with
*6. in association with, in conjunction with
**The corporation worked in tandem with the local government on a community project.
**~와 협력하여
*7. transition
*7. change, alteration, shift
**The biologist studied the caterpillar’s metamorphosis, or physical transition into a butterfly.
**변화, 변천
*8. scarce
*8. limited, short in supply, not readily available, rare
**Food was scarce for months after the typhoon destroyed the region’s farms.
**부족한, 휘귀한
*9. clear
*9. apparent, obvious, lucid
*9. remove, clean
**It was very clear that the coach was angered by his team’s loss.
**For safety, homeowners should clear the snow from the sidewalks in front of their homes
**분명한
**치우다
*10. relentless
*10. continuous, unceasing, persistent
*10. merciless, ruthless
**The relentless rains during the monsoon season cause flooding in many tropical countries.
**relentless criticism
**끊임없는
**냉혹한, 잔인한
*11. intrinsic
*11. inherent, innate
**Environmentalists argue that all species should be protected because of their intrinsic value.
**고유의, 타고난
*12. compact
*12. dense, thick
*12. smaller, pocket-sized, little
*12. compress, condense
**The gardener dug a hole in the compact soil.
**Some people prefer larger models of cell phones rather than compact ones.
**Paper is made by firmly compacting pulp.
**빽빽한
**작은
**압축하다
*13. predominantly
*13. mainly, primarily, mostly, largely
**Indonesia is a predominantly Musilim country.
**주로, 대부분
*14. widespread
*14. prevalent, broadly accepted, common
**The campaign to create a local park has received widespread support.
**광범위한, 널리 퍼진
*15. perishable
*15. likely to decay, likely to spoil, spoilable
*15. not permanent
**Butter, milk, and fish are perishable goods that must be refreigerated.
**Because Sandra thought a ballet career perishable, she opted to study acting instead.
*15-1. perish
*15-1. decline, collapse
**멸망하다
*16. myriad
*16. multitude, millions
*16. countless, innumerable, numerous
**A wine’s flavor is influenced by a myriad of factors, including the soil the grapers are grown in.
**Department stores offer myriad products for customers.
**무수히 많음
**무수한
*17. found
*17. establish, create, set up
**Cal founded the after-school program to keep kids off the streets and away from drugs.
**창설하다, 설립하다
*18. swiftly
*18. quickly, speedily, rapidly
**At high altitudes, the weather can change swiftly.
**빠르게
*19. crucially
*19. decisively, critically, definitively
**A variety of social and economic factors have crucially influenced increases in juvenile deliquency.
**결정적으로
*20. scope
*20. extent, range, reach
**The issues brought up by the board members were outside the scope of the meeting agenda.
**범위
*21. projection
*21. estimate, calculation, forecast, prediction
**The company’s projections were not accurate, and the shareholders lost monehy as a result.
**추정, 예상
*21-1. project
*21-1. plan, propose
**추정하다, 계획하다
*22. feature
*22. characteristic, attribute, quality
*22. spotlight
**The building’s unusual architectural features make it popular with tourists visiting the city.
**feature her talents
**특징
**특종으로 삼다
*23. employ
*23. use, utilize, make use of
**Astromers employ specialized software to track the movement of millions of objects in space.
**사용하다
*24. proportion
*24. percentage, rate
*24. size, magnitude
**A large proportion of the Canadian population lives near the US border.
**The influx of refugees into the country caused problems of huge proportions.
**비율
**크기, 규모
*25. misleading
*25. deceptive, unreliable, delusive
**Yetts gave customers false and misleading account statements.
**현혹시키는
*26. seamless
*26. perfectly smooth
**The skater won the gold medal for her seamless performance.
**아주 매끄러운
*27. embellishment
*27. decoration, ornamentation, adorment
**In comparison to standared quilts, crazy quilts use many more embellishments.
**장식
*28. sterile
*28. barren, unproductive, infertile
*28. antiseptic
**The loss of the rainforests led to droguths, floods, and sterile soil.
**sterile surgical equipment
**척박한
**살균한
*29. in response to
*29. in reaction to
**In response to a dangerous situation, the human body will prepare itself to either flee or fight.
**~에 대한 대응으로
*30. from time to time
*30. occasionally, now and then
**Steve calls his elementary school teacher and his friends from time to time.
**가끔
*31. ambiguous
*31. open to various interpretations, uncertain, obscure
**The symbols in the cave were so ambiguous that archaelogists could not determine their purpose.
**모호한
*32. out of sight
*32. hidden, invisible
**James kept the teddy bear he bought for Anna out of sight in the closet until her birthday.
**보이지 않는 곳에
*33. perplexed
*33. puzzled, bewildered
**The question of how the universe initially came into existence continues to leave scientists perplexed.
**당혹스러운
*34. despondent
*34. unhappy, discouraged, depressed
**The main character of the play is a despondent young man who feels uncomfortable in his hometown.
**낙담한
*35. colide
*35. hit each other, crash, strike
**A train collided with a pickup truck late Monday morning in Waukesha County.
**충돌하다
*36. assessment
*36. evaluation, appraisal
**An assessment will be performed twice yearly to ensure safety standards are being met.
**평가
*37. vital
*37. essential, important, significant
**Facial expressions play a vital role in communication.
**매우 중요한
*38. shrivel
*38. dry up, wither, wilt
**The leaves of the tree shriveled because of the harsh drought conditions.
**시들다
*39. dissent
*39. oppose, object, express disagreement
**Nearly 120 countries signed the UN’s Convention on the Law of the Sea, while four countries dissented.
**이의를 제기하다
*40. elegant
*40. sophisticated, graceful, refined
**Chester A. Arthur will be remembered for being the most elegant president.
**품위 있는, 세련된
*41. qualify
*41. meet the requirement, entitle, empower
**Students must maintain a C average or better to qualify for graduation.
**자격을 갖추다, 자격을 주다
*42. evolve
*42. develop, progress
**The article evolved into a tightly argued piece of writing.
**(서서히) 발전하다, 진화하다
*43. despite
*43. in spite of, notwithstanding
**Despite a lack of money for college, Jerry managed to obtain a good education.
**~에도 불구하고
*44. emergence
*44. appearance, advent, rise
**The emergence of Japan as a world power began in the early 20th century.
**출현
*45. surplus
*45. excess, redundance, extra goods
**The price of food fell nearly 72% due to a huge surplus
**과잉, 잉여물
*46. distant
*46. faraway, remote
*46. cold, aloof
**Neptune is the most distant planet from the Earth in our solar system.
**his distant attitude
**먼
**냉담한
*47. aim
*47. goal, objective, purpose
*47. attempt
**The prime minister began a three-day visit to India with the aim of enlisting support for peace efforts.
**The soccer team aimed to make it to the semifinals.
**목적, 목표
**목표하다, 겨냥하다
*48. in the ascendant
*48. rising in importance
**Christianity was in the ascendant in AD 380, when it was adopted as the official Roman state religions.
**(인기, 세력 등이) 상승 중인
*49. draw
*49. attract, engage
**On average, London consistently draws more tourists than any city in the world.
**(마음, 이목 등을) 끌다
*50. overlie
*50. cover, overspread
**The fall leaves overlay each other on the ground, making a beautiful palette.
**~위에 가로놓이다
*51. signature
*51. identifying mark
**The signatures of famous historical figures are sometimes sold for large sums of money.
**서명
*52. devoid of
*52. lacking in, destitute of
**The Arctic tundra is a vast and stark region that is completely devoid of trees.
**~이 없는, 결여된
*53. vessel
*53. ship, boat, craft
*53. container
**Before boarding the vessel, the passengers were shown to their cabins.
**fill the vessel with water
**배, 선박
**그릇
*54. be incorporated in
*54. be part of
**Morality is incorporated in the principles of most religions.
**포함되다, 편입되다
*55. trauma
*55. damage
**Even a slight knock to the head can cause trauma to the brain
**외상, 외상성 상해
day 28
*1. abundance
*1. plenty, large number, profusion
**There was an abundance of wild animals in the dense forests.
**다수, 풍부
*2. onset
*2. beginning, start, commencement
**At the onset of the 19th century, New York City was already a bustling commericial center.
**시작
*3. witness
*3. observe, see, look on
**In 2001, many people gathered to witness the launch of the last space shuttle.
**목격하다
*4. mount
*4. grow, increase, multiply
**The pressure on the student mounted as the exam date approached.
**증가하다
*5. reinforce
*5. strengthen, support, consolidate, fortify
**Steel bars are used to reinforce concrete in the construction of large buildings and bridges.
**강화하다
*5-1. reinforcement
*5-1. supplement
**보강
*6. intense
*6. strong, extreme, fierce, acute
**Many in the open stadium covered their heads because the sun’s rays were too intense.
**강렬한, 극심한
*7. involved
*7. complicated, intricate, tangled
**The author’s literary style was so involved that students found her books difficult to read.
**복잡한
*8. solely
*8. only, purely, exclusively, entirely
**In 1790, voting rights in the US were solely for male landowners.
**오로지
*9. undergo
*9. experience, go through, suffer
**Japan has undergone several recessions since the 1980s.
**겪다, 경험하다
*10. mechanism
*10. instrument, device, apparatus
*10. means, method, way
**Scientists attached a GPS tracking system on the captured bear, but the mechanism failed.
**There has to be anotehr mechanism for moving these boxes out.
**기계, 장치
**방법
*11. speculate
*11. guess, suppose, hypothesize, assume
*11. gamble, risk
**Galileo corrrectly speculated that the planets move around the Sun.
**speculate in the stock market
**추측하다
**투기하다
*12. conclusively
*12. decisively, definitively
**The Big Bang theory has not yet been conclusively proven.
**결정적으로
*13. significantly
*13. considerably, remarkably, markedly
**Communication between individuals can be significantly improved if people listen more often.
**상당히
*14. adopt
*14. take up, being to use, select
**The U.N. Security Council adopted a resolution calling on Israel to withdraw its troops from Palestinian cities.
**채택하다, 받아들이다.(take up a new idea)
*15. staple
*15. basic item, regular feature, basic feature
*15. basic. primary
**Basic black pants are a staple of every professional’s wardrobe.
**Even staple foods such as bread and milk were difficult to afford during the Great Depression.
**주요 상품, 주요소
**기본적인, 주요한
*16. secrete
*16. release, produce, excrete
*16. conceal, hide, veil
**Tears are secreted by an organ under the upper eyelid.
**Jacqueline secreted her diary under her mattress, where no one would find it.
**분비하다
**숨기다
*17. pursue
*17. practice, conduct, perform
**The government continued to pursue its aggressive procedures against illegal immigration.
**수행하다, 실행하다
*18. conserve
*18. keep, protect, save, preserve
**Efforts to conserve giant pandas in China have been hindered by ongoing habitat loss.
**보존하다, 보호하다
*19. toil
*19. work hard, labor
**With modern agricultural technology, farmers no longer have to toil in the fields.
**힘써 일하다
*19-1. toilsome
*19-1. strenuous, arduous
**힘드는, 고된
*20. approximate
*20. rough, close, near
*20. resemble
**Based on approximate estimates, the world’s oil reserves could be used up within fifty years.
**The art forgery approximated the original painting so closely that even experts were fooled.
**대략적인, 가까운
**비슷하다
*21. monumental
*21. huge, massive, great and significant
**The invention of the steam engine was a monumental event in the history of transportation.
**엄청나게 큰, 기념비적인
*22. contract
*22. shorten, constrict
**The professor decided to contract his lesson plan because he only had an hour for his lecture.
**줄이다, 수축하다
*23. puzzling
*23. difficult to explain, enigmatic
**The origin of life is one of the most puzzling scientific mysteries.
**영문 모름
*24. divest
*24. deprive, strip, despoil
**The new regulation divests tenants of the right to renovate their apartments.
**빼앗다, 박탈하다
*25. pacifier
*25. peacemaker, arbitrator, mediator, intermediary
**The Dalai Lama is known as one of the greatest pacifiers in modern history.
**중재자
*26. permanently
*26. forever, eternally, perpetually, everlastingly
**Bleach removes the color from fabric permanently.
**영구히
*27. estimate
*27. assess, evaluate, judge, calculate
**John tried to estimate the cost of the repairs.
**평가하다, 추산하다
*28. hurdle
*28. obstacle, barrier, hindrance, impediment
*28. overcome, surmount
**Engineers faced many hurdles when they built the Panama Canal.
**hurdle an obstacle
**장애물
**극복하다
*29. relish
*29. enjoy, like, delight in, revel in
**Ronald, who used to be a sailor, relishes telling stories about his past journeys.
**즐기다
*30. simulate
*30. imitate, pretend, feign
**Engineers have created robots that closely simulate the body movements of humans.
**흉내 내다, 가장하다
*31. hover
*31. drift, float, stay on the top
**Dolphins sometimes hover in the water without swimming.
**맴돌다, 떠다니다
*32. display
*32. show, exhibit, present
**The audience members displayed their approval of the musical performance by cheering enthusiastically.
**보여주다
*33. ominous
*33. foreboding, portentous, threatening
**Some survivors of the Titanic reported that they had an ominous feeling before the voyage.
**불길한, 험악한
*34. stretch
*34. extend, lengthen
**A chameleon can stretch its tongue to about twice its body length.
**늘이다
*35. concur
*35. agree, assent, consent
*35. coincide
**An adjustment to the US Constitution requires that 75 percent of states concur on the proposed change.
**the two appointments concur
**동의하다
**겹치다, 동시에 일어나다
*36. crisis
*36. critical situation, emergency
**If a crisis occurs, citizens should use the escape routes and shelters that are located throughout the city.
**위기
*37. amplitude
*37. size, extent, magnitude
**THe amplitude of a wave is determined by the amount of energy used to create it.
**크기, 규모
*37-1. altitude
**고도, 높이
*37-2. aptitude
**경향, 습성
*38. disintegrate
*38. break down, fall apart, crumble
**The palace has disintegrated over the centuries and is now in ruins.
**붕괴되다
*39. liken to
*39. compare to
**A tsunami striking the shore has been likened to a wall of moving water.
**~에 비유하다
*40. immoral
*40. improper, corrupt, vicious
**Most cultures would agree that stealing is immoral.
**부도덕한
*41. instigate
*41. cause, provoke, trigger, incite
**A broken traffic light instigated a minor accident on the main street.
**유발하다
*42. extraordinary
*42. exceptional, unusual, remarkable
**Grant had an extraordinary ability to understand others.
**비범한
*43. resurgence
*43. comeback, revival, rebirth
**After a very slow year, the economy is now making a resurgence.
**재기, 부활
*44. patent
*44. evident, obvious, apparent, manifest
*44. license
**Public protests demonstrated the people’s patent oppositiom to the new immigration policy.
**receive a patent
**명백한
**특허
*45. regular
*45. routine, ordinary, consistent
**According to dentists, flossing on a regular basis is important for preventing cavities.
**정기적인, 일정한
*46. by virtue of
*46. because of, thanks to, on account of
**By virtue of the US Constitution, it is illegal to imprison anyone without a trial.
**~덕택에(때문에)
*47. sever
*47. cut, cut off, part, separate, divide
**If a lizard severs its tail, the tail will grow back in a short time.
**자르다, 분리하다
*48. in conjunction with
*48. concomitant with, together with, along with
**A healthy diet in conjunction with regular exercise can lead to a longer life.
**~과(와) 함께
*49. confidence
*49. certainty, assurance, faith
**The most inspiring teachers have confidence in their students’ ability to learn.
**확신
*50. distinguish
*50. differentiate, tell apart, discern
**Bees are unable to distinguish between the colors red and black.
**구별하다
*51. on the contrary
*51. conversely, on the other hand
**Ted was not bored; on the contrary, he couldn’t be more fascinated with his assignment.
**그와는 반대로
*52. preponderance
*52. majority
**The preponderance of people did not own cars in the 1930s, so they traveled by train or boat.
**대부분
*53. intermingle
*53. mix, blend
**In the city’s main square, aromas from cafe’s and bakeries intermingle.
**섞이다
*54. merchandise
*54. goods, product, commodity
*54. market, trade
**The thieves stole merchandise worth thousands of dollars from the store.
**merchandise a new product
**상품
**매매하다
*55. delicate
*55. fragile, brittle
*55. dainty, exquisite, fine
**The tea cups were so delicate that Sheila used them only for decoration.
**During spring, thousands of delicate flowers carpet the mountain meadows.
**깨지기 쉬운
**섬세한
*56. gesture
*56. a movement made with the head, hand, or arm
**The baseball coach communicates with the batter using subtle gestures.
**제스처, 몸짓
day 27
*1. ramnant
*1. leftover, remains, trace, relic
**It is possible that comets are remnants from the formation of the solar system.
**나머지, 보존물
*2. indispensable
*2. essential, necessary, requisite
**Adam considered compromise an indispensable tool in a federal system.
**필수적인
*3. undermine
*3. weaken, attenuate
**Income reductions have undermined the foundation of the middle class.
**약화시키다
*3-1. undertake
*3-1. 떠맡다
*3-2. underlie
*3-1. ~의 기초가 되다
*4. fashion
*4. way, manner, mode
*4. shape, create, make
**Shoppers are asked to line up in an orderly fashion at the checkout counter.
**The prime minister’s masterful diplomacy fashioned a broad international alliance.
**방식
**만들다, 형성하다
*5. prolong
*5. extend, lengthen, protract
**Richard Nixon was convinced that the antiwar movement prolonged the war.
**연장하다
*6. adequate
*6. sufficient, satisfactory
**Joseph’s research cannot be completed without adequate funding.
**충분한
*7. halt
*7. stop, cease
**The traffic guard halted Susan and her friends at the corsswalk until the light turned green.
**정지시키다
*8. controversial
*8. debatable, disputed, producing, disagreement
**The political boundaries between some countries remain controversial, so not all maps are the same.
**논쟁의 여지가 있는
*9. match
*9. equal, rival, parallel
*9. accord, harmonize
**The Australian economy is unable to match China’s in terms of size and value.
**match the interior decor
**맞먹다, 필적하다
**조화시키다
*10. enduring
*10. lasting, surviving, everlasting, perpetual
**Michelangelo’s paintings and sculptures had an enduring impact on the art world.
**지속되는, 영속적인
*11. restrict
*11. limit, confine, restrain
**The legislation restricted teh sale of soft drinks in cafeterias during school hours.
**제한하다
*12. encompass
*12. include, contain, embrace
**Hawaii encompasses eight major islands and numberous smaller ones.
**포함하다
*13. consider
*13. contemplate, take into account
*13. deem, regard
**A person must carefully consider all possible options before choosing a course of action.
**consider the water safe
**곰곰이 생각하다, 고려하다
**여기다, 간주하다
*14. integrate
*14. unite, unify, synthesize, interconnect, consolidate
**Kirin and Takeda will integrate their food operations by establishing a joint venture next spring.
**통합하다
*15. startling
*15. surprising, astonishing, alarming
**It is startling that almost 15 percent of the world’s people are illiterate even today.
**놀라운
*16. unaccounted for
*16. not explained
**The cause of the explosion at the textile factory is still unaccounted for despite weeks of investigation.
**설명되지 않은
*17. manifest
*17. indicate, reveal, demonstrate
*17. obvious, clear, definite, evident
**Heart disease manifests itself with a variety of symptoms, the most common being chest pain and shortness of breath.
**It is manifest that Paolo does not know what it is to be an artist.
**나타내다
**명백한
*18. fragile
*18. easily broken, delicate, weak
**Ceramic tiles are beautiful, but very fragile.
**깨지기 쉬운, 약한
*19. faithful
*19. accurate, exact, precise, veracious
**Many studies have shown that witnesses rarely give faithful accounts of accidents or crimes.
**충실한, 정확한
*19-1. faith
*19-1. conviction, assurance
**확신
*20. concede
*20. admit, accept as true, acknowledge
*20. grant
**Since all the evidence contradicted his idea, the scientist conceded that his theory was wrong.
**The employer reluctantly conceded a pay raise to prevent a worker strike.
**인정하다
**허락하다
*21. threaten
*21. endanger, menace, imperil, jeopardize
**The invention of the light bulb revolutionized world civilization.
**위태롭게 하다
*22. revolutionize
*22. fundamentally change, completely change
**The invention of the light bulb revolutionized world civilization.
**혁신을 일으키다
*23. haphazard
*23. random, chance, casual
**Haphazard urban growth causes many severe problems.
**무계획적인, 우연한
*24. mainstay
*24. important part, anchor, buttress
**Rice is a mainstay in the diets of many people around the world.
** 주요 의지물, 대들보
*25. wholly
*25. completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly
**The team has prepared a wholly convincing argument for their debate.
**완전히
*26. edible
*26. estable, fit to eat, safe to eat
**One should check the expiry date on food to ensure that it is still edible.
**먹을 수 있는
*27. legible
*27. recognizable, readable
**Before the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, ancient Egyptian writing was not legible to scholars.
**알아볼 수 있는
*28. scrutinize
*28. examine, inspect, investigate, probe
**Investigators scrutinized the crime scene for evidence.
**조사하다
*29. in essence
*29. essentially, fundamentally, basically, in substance
**Nichmachean Ethics asserted that human beings are, in essence, rational creatures.
**본질적으로
*30. beneficial
*30. useful, helpful, advantageous, profitable
**Having ladybugs in your garden is beneficial because they eat many pests.
**유익한
*30-1. beneficiary
*30-1. recipient, receiver
*수혜자
*31. distribute
*31. parcel out, spread, allot, apportion
**The company decided to distribute bonuses based on employee performance.
**분배하다
*32. heir
*32. inheritor, successor
**The heirs to John D. Rockefeller’s fortune have donated millions of dollars to charity.
**상속인
*33. specifically
*33. specially, especially, particularly
**The song was written specifically for the movie.
**특별히
*34. costly
*34. expensive, high-priced
**The sisters’ trip to Ireland was rather costly, but they both agreed it was well worth the money.
**돈이 많이 드는
*35. yield
*35. produce, generate, give
*35. cede, surrender, hand over
**Farms in Iowa yield more than 500 million tons of corn annually.
**The defected army yielded its position to the enemy.
**산출하다
**넘겨주다, 양도하다
*36. channel
*36. direct
*36. means, way
**The composer channeled all of his energy into finishing his opera.
**a channel of communication
**(관심, 노력 등을) 돌리다, 쏟다
**수단, 방법
*37. necessary
*37. required, requisite, essential, indispensable
**These day, students can complete all of the necessary courses to get a degree online.
**필요한, 필수의
*38. retrospect
*38. look back
**In order to understand present cultures, anthropologists retrospect on those of the past.
**회고하다, 추억하다
*39. overview
*39. summary, outline, synopsis
**The author’s latest book gives readers an overview of the history of automobiles.
**개요
*39-1. oversee
**감독하다
*39-2. overlook
**간과하다
*40. occasional
*40. infrequent, sporadic, intermittent
**Although most developed countries have nearly eradicated measles, occasional outbreaks do occur.
**가끔의
*41. respectively
*41. separately, individually, each
**Third quarter earnings in machine exports and imports are 51.4 million and 29.6 million, respectively.
**각각
*42. entice
*42. tempt, allure, seduce
**Cleopatra is known for having been able to entice many men with her great beauty.
**유혹하다
*43. choose
*43. opt, select
**Diners can choose to eat indoors or out on the terrace.
**선택하다
*44. work out at
*44. be calculated at
**From 1900 to 1910, the fruit trade in the US worked out at 458 million dollars.
**계산되다
*45. enlist
*45. enroll, join, sign up, recruit
**Daniel enlisted in the German millitary at the age of 14.
**입대하다, (신병을) 모집하다
*46. diminish
*46. reduce, decrease, lessen, cut, abate
*46. belittle, depreciate
**Many studies have shown that having a pet can diminish symptoms for people suffering from anxiety disorders.
**diminish his achievement
**줄이다
**손상시키다, 떨어뜨리다
*47. norm
*47. rule, standard
**The norm in journalism is for writers to keep their sources confidential.
**규범
*48. ostentatious
*48. showy
**Many who attend Fashion Week wear ostentatious outfits.
**과시하는
*49. desert
*49. abandon, forsake, leave
**Animals will desert drought-stricken regions and relocate to more hospitable ones.
**버리다
*50. dwelling
*50. living quarters, habitation, residence, home
**Nomadic peoples live in portable dwellings that can easily be packed up and transported.
**거주지
*51. homogenize
*51. remove variation within, make uniform
**Although the Romans conquered many cultures, they did not fully homogenize them.
**동질화하다
*52. up
*52. increase, raise, augment, multiply
**The cafe recently upped the price of tea and coffee.
**올리다, 증가시키다
*53. displace
*53. supplant, replace
*53. move out of position
**The televsion ahd displaced the radio in American living rooms by 1960.
**Some sewer lines were displaced due to the subway construction.
**대체하다
**옮기다
*54. numerous
*54. very many, countless, innumerable
**Frank Lloyd Wright is famous for designing munberous innovative buildings.
**매우 많은
*55. discharge
*55. release, emit, excrete
*55. fulfill, perform
**Certain species of fish discharge poison as a way to defend themselves when threatened.
**discharge one’s duties
**방출하다
**수행하다
*56. defend
*56. guard
**The immune system defends the body against viruses and bacteria.
**방어하다, 지키다
*57. compose
*57. make up
**The lines and colors that compose the picture provide a good example of impressionism.
**구성하다
day 26
*1. offset
*1. counterbalance, counteract, cancel out
**Residents on the island claim that lower housing prices are offset by the high bridge toll.
**상쇄하다
*2. assume
*2. undertake, take on, adopt
*2. believe, think, suppose, presume
**After John F. Kenedy’s assassination, Lyndon Johnson assumed the role of president.
**Most people assume that stress has serious effects on physical and mental health.
**(책임, 임무를) 떠맡다
**생각하다
*2-1. assuming
*2-1. on condition that, provided
**~이라면
*3. periodically
*3. regularly
*3. at intervals, occasionally
**The fire alarms are tested periodically to ensure they are working properly.
**Charles Bukowski published his writing periodically throughout his life, often going years without releasing any work.
**정기적으로
**간헐적으로, 때때로
*4. cite
*4. refer to, mention, allude to
**Lawyers cite previous court decisions in their legal documents.
**언급하다
*5. commonly
*5. generally, often, normally, usually
**The earliest dramas of ancient Greece were commonly performed during religious festivals.
**보통, 일반적으로
*6. locate
*6. find, detect, discover
*6. position, situate, place
**Scientists have located a new planet in a distant solar system.
**The city located the new statue in the center of town for everyone to see.
**(위치 등을) 찾아내다, 발견하다
**(장소, 위치에) 두다
*7. impose
*7. force, pressure, enforce
*7. charge, fine
**Karen, as usual, imposed her will upon the rest of the group, and they all ended up at the museum.
**impose fees for a service
**강요하다
**부과하다
*8. prerequisite
*8. requirement, necessary condition, precondition
**Basic Mathematics is a prerequisite for the calculus class.
**필요조건
*9. immunity
*9. exemption, impunity
**Although diplomats enjoy immunity from legal prosecution in foreign countries, they can be expelled.
**면제
*10. proper
*10. suitable, appropriate, apposite
**Teenagers are often malnourished because they fail to eat a proper diet.
**적절한
*11. embark on
*11. start (on), begin, commence
**After two months of preparation, Bernie embarked on his backpacking trip across Europe.
**시작하다
*12. probe
*12. investigate, search, examine, explore
*12. exploration, inquiry
**Detectives probed the bridge’s collapse, but they did not reach a clear conclusion.
**Both Britain and France launched a probe into how the criminal had slipped through their security net.
**조사하다, 찾다
**탐구, 탐사
*13. exhaust
*13. use up, deplete, run out of
*13. tire, weary, fatigue
**The world has exhausted much of its natural resources.
**Running the marathon exhausted Linda so much that she could not get up for two days.
**다 써 버리다, 고갈시키다
**지치게 하다
*13-1. exhaustive
*13-1. thorough, complete
**철저한
*14. exclusive
*14. only, sole, single
**In many small rural towns, a personal automobile is the exclusive means of transportation.
**유일한
*15. manipulate
*15. handle, control, operate, maneuver
*15. change, deliberately alter
**astronauts manipulate devices like the Canada Arm, a tool used to grab floating objects in space.
**Someone manipulated the company’s computer passwords and deleted some important files.
**다루다, 조종하다
**조작하다, 속이다
*16. ongoing
*16. continued, constant, persistent
**The recovery after the hurricane is still ongoing.
**계속 진행 중인
*17. primary
*17. fundamental, elementary, basic
**All matter is composed of primary particles, such as quarks.
**기본적인
*18. interval
*18. space, distance, period
**Drivers of automobiles must maintain a minimum interval of one meter between their vehicles and bikers.
**(시간, 공간의) 간격, 기간
*19. spark
*19. bring about, trigger, provoke
*19. hint
**The government council proposed tax reforms in order to spark activity in the stagnant economy.
**a spark of hope
**유발하다
**약간, 조금
*20. tenacity
*20. stubbornness, determination, firmness
**Some residents refused to abandon their homes before the storm, and their tenacity put them in danger
**완고함, 고집
*21. distinctive
*21. characteristic, peculiar
**Maya’s large blue eyes are her most distinctive facial feature.
**특유의, 특색있는
*22. collaborative
*22. cooperative, concerted, joint
**A collaborative effort involoving many scientists was required to produce the first atomic bomb.
**공동의, 협력적인
*23. deeply ingrained
*23. firmly established
**Personal freedom is a deeply ingrained principle of liberal democracies.
**(습관 등이) 깊이 배어든, 뿌리박힌
*24. instantaneous
*24. immediate, prompt, on-the-spot
**Todd’s instantaneous reaction to bring fired was to scream at his boss, an action which he later regretted.
**즉각적인
*25. agitate
*25. create movement in, stir, beat
**Filters in fish tanks agitate the water, and this helps prevent the growth of algae.
**뒤흔들다, 휘젖다
*25-1. agitation
*25-1. turmoil, disturbance
**동요, 격동
*26. in profile
*26. from side view
**The artist preferred drawing portraits of people in profile.
**옆모습으로
*27. especially
*27. particularly, notably, specially
**Different kinds of gemstones, especially diamonds and rubies, are valued for their rarity.
**특히
*28. creative
*28. inventive, imaginative
**The creative stories of C.S. Lewis have entertained children for generations.
**창의적인
*29. rim
*29. edge, border, verge, margin
**The falling snow collected on the rim of the fountain.
**가장자리
*30. anxious
*30. worried, concerned, apprehensive, uneasy
*30. eager, keen, longing
**It is common for people to feel anxious about starting a new job.
**Athletes are anxious to represent their countries at the Olympics because it is a great honor.
**걱정하는
**열망하는
*31. require
*31. demand, call for, entail, need
**Modern consumers are well informed, so successful marketing in today’s economy requires sophisticated strategies.
**요구하다, 필요로 하다
*31-1. acquire
*31-1. 취득하다, 획득하다
*31-2. inquire
*31-2. 문의하다
*32. handy
*32. convenient
**Many people choose to live near a subway station because it is handy for transportation.
**편리한
*33. rare
*33. (very) unusual, infrequent, scarce, uncommon
**Huck and Jim shared a friendship, which was rare between a servant and his master.
**드문
*34. deligently
*34. earnestly, assiduously, carefully, industriously
**Students must conduct research diligently in doing a term paper or thesis.
**열심히, 애써서
*35. mutually exclusive
*35. different from one another
**The business partners parted because their opinions were mutually exclusive.
**상호 배타적인
*36. vacant
*36. empty, unoccupied, void
**The hotel rooms are vacant during the winter months because the cold weather deters tourism.
**비어 있는
*37. represent
*37. depict, portray, express
**The report represents the current situation in our education system.
**묘사하다, 나타내다
*38. conclude
*38. decide, make a final judgement, determine
**It was concluded that liquid water cannot exist on a planet that has extreme temperatures.
**결론을 내리다
*39. enactment
*39. establishment
**The enactment of legislation on food packaging labels lets customers know what a product contains.
**(법률) 제정
*40. impede
*40. inhibit, hinder, obstruct
**Drought impeded the growth of many agricultural crops last summer.
**방해하다
*40-1. impend
*40-1. imminent, upcoming
**임박한
*41. humble
*41. modest, unpretentious, unassuming
**Despite the actor’s tremendous success, he had a very humble house.
**초라한, 겸손한
*42. premise
*42. assumption, presupposition
**The Chinese legal system works on the premise that an accused person is guilty until he is proven innocent.
**전제, 가정
*43. jettison
*43. release, discard, throw away, cast off
**Pilots sometimes jettison excess fuel to make an airplane lighter for landing.
**버리다
*44. segregate
*44. separate, seclude, dissociate, disunite
**All restaurants are now required to segregate smokers from nonsmokers.
**분리하다, 격리하다
*45. innumerable
*45. countless, numberless, numoerous
**Jim Henson produced innumerable films and TV shows.
**무수한
*46. havoc
*46. destruction, ruin, devastation, demolition
**If we don’t halt the progress of climate change, it will crate havoc on a global scale.
**대파괴
*47. dwindle
*47. decrease, diminish, lessen
**The crowd celebrating the World Cup victory didn’t start to dwindle until the early hours of the morning.
**줄어들다
*47-1. dawdle
*47-1. linger, procrastinate
**꾸물거리다
*48. concept
*48. idea, notion
**Thomas More’s Utopia was based on the concept of a perfect world.
**개념
*49. sensational
*49. extraordinary, exciting
**Las Vegas is known around the world for its sensational night life.
**굉장한, 놀라운
*50. convincing
*50. persuasive, compelling, credible, cogent
**There’s no convincing explanation as to how dogs were domesticated.
**설득력 있는
*51. insight
*51. understanding, perception, sense
**Nextel has insight into the mobile business market that Motorola would like to have.
**통찰력, 이해
*51-1. insightful
*51-1. discerning, perceptive
**통찰력 있는
*52. naively
*52. plainly, candidly, ingenuously
**The witness naively answered all of the judge’s questions.
**솔직하게, 순진하게
*53. vague
*53. unclear, uncertain, imprecise, obscure
**In legal documents, it is essential to avoid vague terms and definitions.
**모호한, 불분명한
*54. associated
*54. connected, correlated, linked
**El Nino is a perfect example of how weather patterns and oceanic currents are closely associated.
**관련된
*55. amplification
*55. further explanation
**The Talmud is a Jewish text that provides amplification of the concepts from the Hebrew Bible.
**부연 설명
day 25
*1. inevitable
*1. unavoidable, certain, inescapable
**Death is an inevitable fact of human life that is sometimes hard to cope with rationally.
**불가피한(face certain punishment)
*2. consequent
*2. resultant, resulting, eventual, ensuing
**The consequent spread of ash after an explosive volcanic eruption can affect world temperatures.
**결과로서 일어나는
*3. decimation
*3. destruction, devastation
**A termite from western China is responsible for the decimation of forestland in the US.
**대량 파괴, 대량 살해
*4. evoke
*4. arouse, cause, draw, produce, induce
**The play’s tragic main character evoked the audience’s pity.
**불러일으키다
*5. vulnerable
*5. easily damaged, susceptible, weak, open to attack
**Computers that lack antivirus software are vulnerable to attack by malware.
**취약한
*6. elaborate
*6. detailed, more complex, complicated
*6. make detailed
**Police uncovered an elaborate plot to rob the largest bank in the city.
**The spokesperson provided only a short statement at the press conference and did not elaborate.
**정교한, 복잡한
**자세히 설명하다
*7. enigmatic
*7. mysterious, puzzling
**Known as the father of modern mystery, Edgar Allan Poe has inspired countless writers with his enigmatic tales.
**불가사의한, 이해할 수 없는
*7-1. pragmatic
**실용적인
*7-1. dogmatic
**독단적인
*8. coincide with
*8. correspond to, accord with
**The labor union’s opinion did not coincide with that of the factory owners.
**일치하다
*9. seemingly
*9. apparently, ostensibly
**According to experts, the newly discovered artwork is seemingly the work of Picasso.
**외견상으로는, 겉보기에는
*10. wrought
*10. created, formed, manufactured
**The Lion Bridges in Milwaukee include beautifully wrought railings made out of steel.
**만들어진
*11. obstacle
*11. barrier, hindrance, impediment, obstruction
**Busy highways are significant obstacles that must be overcome by migrating turtles.
**장애물
*12. lucrative
*12. profitable, gainful, advantageous
**Barbara was offered a lucrative three-year contract with the Walt Disney animation crew.
**수익성이 좋은, 유리한
*13. extensive
*13. widespread, large, wide, broad, far-reaching
**The influence of the Roman Empire in the ancient Mediterranean was extensive
**광범위한, 넓은
*14. dampen
*14. moisten, wet, soak, saturate
*14. restrain, deter
**It is advisable to dampen your face with a wet washcloth before using exfoliating cream.
**dampen the search efforts
**적시다
**(기세 등을) 꺾다
*15. opaque
*15. unclear, obscure
*15. impenetrable
**The man’s opaque answers aroused the suspicion of the detective.
**The opaque stained glass windows of the cathedral create a dark, cave-like ambience inside the structure.
**불분명한
**불투명한
*16. endorse
*16. support, subscribe, back, advocate
*16. sign
**The majority of British politicians endorsed the prime minister’s decision to go to war.
**Kelly endorsed the check before depositing it in her account.
**지지하다
**서명하다
*17. advent
*17. arrival, coming, introduction, appearance
**The advent of the computer revolutionized modern people’s lives.
**출현, 도래
*18. severly
*18. intensely, seriously, sharply
**Many newspapers have severely criticized the president for the country’s high unemployment rate.
**격렬하게, 심하게
*19. immutable
*19. unchangeable, invariable, unalterable
**The topic of today’s lecture will be the five immutable rules for marketing.
**불변의
*19-1. imputable
*19-1. attributable, ascribable
**전가할 수 있는
*20. yardstick
*20. measure, criterion, benchmark, standard
**Financial success is the yardstick by which many people judge others.
**기준, 척도
*21. preserve
*21. protect, save, retain, maintain, conserve
**The senator took important steps to preserve the wildlife of his state.
**보호하다, 보존하다
*22. conviction
*22. strong belief, strong opinion, faith
**Gandhi remained committed to his convictions, such as non-violence, his entire life.
**(강한) 신념
*23. hallmark
*23. feature, distinguishing trait, sure signal
**Clarity is a hallmark of good writing.
**특징
*24. timid
*24. shy, fearful, cowardly
**Sarah tried hard to overcome her timid nature.
**소심한, 겁 많은
*25. robust
*25. strong, vigorous, healthy, stalwart
**Researchers are genetically engineering crops to make them robust.
**튼튼한, 강한
*26. discard
*26. throw away, abandon, reject, dispose of, cast aside
**Everyone should discard their paper, glass, and plastic into a separate recycling box.
**버리다
*27. complicated
*27. complex, intricate, elaborate
*27. make difficult, entangle
**The issue of abortion is complicated, and debates about it are often left unresolved.
**복잡한
**복잡하게 하다
*28. apart from
*28. besides, except for, excluding
**Rachel’s essay is very good, apart from a few grammatical errors.
**~을 제외하고
*29. graduate to
*29. progress to, advance to, proceed to
**After serving as a colonel in the US army, Ulysses S. Grant gradudated to general in 1861.
**나아가다, 승진하다
*30. demonstrate
*30. indicate, show, manifest
**At the parade, people demonstrated their national pride by waving flags.
**나타내다, 보여주다
*31. deluxe
*31. lavish, luxurious, opulent, rich
**The deluxe suite in the hotel offered a fabulous view of the city.
**호화로운
*32. dispute
*32. argue, contend
*32. argument, disagreement, debate
**The townspeople disputed with the local councill over the decision to build a new road.
**China and Japan struck a deal to end the dispute over agricultural trade products.
**논쟁하다
**논쟁
*33. convention
*33. usually practiced custom, tradition, rule
*22. assembly, conference
**In some Asian countries, it is the convention not to look directly at those older than oneself.
**a convention for investors
**관례, 관습
**협의회, 총회
*34. rival
*34. competing, competitive, conflicting
*34. competitor, antagonist, opponent
*34. compete with, match
**The two rival companies have been at the forefront of the IT industry.
**Unlike George Washington, John Adams had rivals for the presidency.
**Heavy investment ensured that the new publication could rival its established competitors.
**경쟁하는
**경쟁자
**~와 경쟁하다
*35. modulate
*35. adjust, regulate, tune
**The liver modulates the levels of various chemicals in the blood.
**조절하다, 조정하다
*36. universal
*36. used everywhere, general
**Used to mean “stop,” a red light at a street intersection is a sybol that is virtually universal.
**전 세계적인, 보편적인
*37. equivalent
*37. equal, comparable, even, commensurate
**Although much international aid goes to help the masses, an equivalent amout is lost due to corruption and inefficiency.
**동등한, 상응하는
*38. sparsely
*38. thinly, widely scattered
**Turkey’s sparsely populated estern regions are home to six million Kurds.
**드문드문, 밀도가 낮게
*39. exceed
*39. go beyond, surpass, have a greater number than
**Christina’s yearly income exceeded jack’s total earnings from the previous 14 years.
**넘다, 초과하다
*40. linger
*40. remain, stay
**Although almost all the guests had left the party, Steven lingered to talk to the host.
**남다
*41. innovative
*41. original, inventive, creative, ingenious
**Herbal remedies are an innovative way to treat many common health problems.
**독창적인(grainstorm original ideas)
*42. antiquity
*42. ancient times, distant past
**Gold has been highly valued throughout antiquity and into modern times.
**고대
*43. impending
*43. approaching, imminent
**A person should get a lot of rest to prepare for an impending surgery.
**임박한
*44. doctrine
*44. tenet, principle, dogma
**The Buddha’s doctrine allowed people to go about their daily lives with confidence.
**교리, 원칙
*45. contribute
*45. donate, endow, pitch in with, conduce
**Employees could contribute a portion of their paycheck to support a local charity.
**기부하다, 공헌하다
*46. cease
*46. stop, halt, end, terminate
**The rain had ceased, but strong wind still blew from the southwest.
**멈추다, 끝나다
*47. prior to
*47. before, previous to, ahead of
**Scientists are studying the events that may have occurred on Earth prior to the extinction of dinosaurs.
**~보다 전에
*48. groom
*48. clean, tidy
**Chimpanzees often groom other members of their group as a form of bonding.
**다듬다
*48-1. gloom
*48-1. depression, melancholy
**우울, 침울
*49. diversity
*49. variety, difference
**The cultural diversity of the US is particularly obvious in larger cities.
**다양성, 차이
*50. correlate
*50. match, connect, link
**In the article, experts tried to correlate diet soda with an increased risk of heart disease.
**(서로) 연관시키다
*51. elite
*51. upper class, upper crust, aristocracy, gentry
**For hundreads of years, a small social elite dominated much of Western Europe.
**최상류층
*52. stratify
*52. layer
**In summer, lakes stratify, with warm water collecting above cooler water.
**층을 이루다
*53. lessen
*53. reduce, abate, diminish
**Seatbelts lessen the risk of injury in the event of an accident.
**줄이다
*54. upset
*54. disturb, agitate, unsettle, worry
*54. tip over, overturn
**News of the deadly terrorist attacks in the city upset people across the world.
**upset the ship
**불안하게 하다
**뒤엎다
*55. accrete
*55. come together, accumulate
**If matter in space accretes enough, it can form planets.
**하나로 합쳐지다
*56. uninterrupted
*56. steady, ceaseless, incessant
**Ideally, adults should get 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each.
**연속적인, 끊임없는
day 24
*1. sustain
*1. support, bear, uphold
*1. maintain, continue
**The old shelf could not sustain the weight of the books.
**Only one planet is able to sustain human life in our solar system.
**떠받치다, 지탱하다
**지속하다, 유지하다
*2. subsequence
*2. succession, next in a series
**Brandy had the misfortune of performing in subsequence to an unusually gifted singer.
**연속, 이어서 일어나는 것
*3. accumulate
*3. gather, collect, compile, gradually increase in number
**Donald accumulated much of his wealth in real estate.
**(서서히) 모으다
*4. assert
*4. claim, maintain, declare, forcefully establish, contend
**Many medieval scholars in Europe mistakenly asserted that the world was flat.
**주장하다(maintain one’s innocence)
*5. progressive
*5. advanced, liberal
*5. increasing, continuous
**During the seventeenth centruy, the notion of women voting was a very progressive idea.
**Progressive loss of eyesight usually begins after age 40 and intensifies after age 60.
**진보적인
**점진적인
*6. strikingly
*6. remarkably, noticeably
**Marilyn Monroe was a strikingly beautiful woman with her blond hair, full lips, and shapely figure.
**눈에 뛰게
*7. comparable
*7. analogous, similar, equivalent, alike
**The newly discovered clay figures in Mexico were comparable to those found in China in terms of their scale.
**비슷한, 동등한
*8. hinder
*8. interface with, hamper, stunt, impede
**Terry’s frequent absences hindered the team’s research.
**방해하다
*9. concern
*9. worry
*9. interest, regard, care
**The proposed plan to build a nuclear power plant there concerned the area’s citizens.
**Parents should have great concern regarding their children’s education.
**걱정시키다
**관심(사)
*9-1. concerning
*9-1. with reference to, regarding
**~에 관하여
*10. presumably
*10. supposedly, probably, thought to be, it can be assumed
**The first people to populate the Americas presumably come from East and Central Asia.
**아마
*11. ritual
*11. ceremonial
**Among the ritual practices of ancient Egypt was mummifying the dead.
**의식적인
*12. unresolved
*12. undecided, undetermined, unsettled
**The issue of who in the family will inherit the large estate is still unresolved.
**미정의
*13. convey
*13 . transmit, communicate, deliver, impart
**Some periodicals presently convey information by digital means only.
**전달하다(communicate the message)
*14. devise
*14. invent, create, design, contrive
**The government is carefully devising new trade rules.
**고안하다
*15. astonish
*15. amaze, surprise, astound, shock
**The beauty of the Mona Lisa never fails to astonish visitors.
**깜짝 놀라게 하다
*16. stringent
*16. strict, rigorous, tight
**The Spartans’ way of rearing their children was very stringent.
**엄한
*17. vastly
*17. greatly, enormously, immensely, exceedingly
**Insect flight is considered vastly superior to that of the flying machines invented by humans.
**대단히
*18. to a large extent
*18. for the most part, mainly, largely
**The theory of evalution is to a large extent based on Charles Darwin’s work.
**대체로
*19. updated
*19. newer
**Updated versions of classic films are often popular with movie fans.
**최신의
*20. impulse
*20. stimulus, basic motivation, impetus
**Rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union was the impulse for the space race.
**자극(제)
*20-1. impulsive
*20-1. spontaneous, impetuous
**충동적인
*21. evidence
*21. proof, verification
**No evidence proved that the accused committed homicide.
**증거
*22. conjuncture
*22. combination, connection, juncture
**The business was losing money due to a conjuncture of low sales and high rent costs.
**결합, 접합
*23. aberrant
*23. abnormal, deviant, eccentric, erratic
**Children with autism start to show aberrant behavior as early as 2 years old.
**정도를 벗어난
*24. firmly
*24. securely, fixedly
**The Koh-i-Noor diamond is firmly set in the crown once worn by Queen Elizabeth.
**단단히
*25. invariably
*25. always, without exception, constantly
**When forced to make decisions, people invariably act in their own interest.
**언제나, 예외 없이
*26. sacred
*26. holy, divine
**Native Americans have pushed for laws that would preserve their sacred sites.
**신성한
*27. cramped
*27. confined, restricted
**Naval personnel who serve aboard submarines become accustomed to the cramped quarters.
**비좁은, 제한된
*28. outdated
*28. old-fashioned, antiquated, archaic, outmoded
**In many developing countries, outdated financial policies continue to prevent economic growth.
**구식의
*29. self-confident
*29. assured, self-assured
**According to several studies, self-confident people tend to get promoted more than those who lack self-esteem.
**자신감 있는
*30. allay
*30. reduce, relieve, soothe
**Paramedics tried allay the pain of the burn victim before the ambulance arrived.
**완화시키다
*30-1. alloy
**합금하다, 섞다
*30-2. ally
**동맹을 맺다
*31. authenticity
*31. genuineness, realness
**An art expert was asked to determine the authenticity of a painting that appeared to be a Jackson Pollock work.
**진짜
*32. masked
*32. concealed, covered
**The witnesses could not identify the criminal since his face was masked during the robbery.
**가면을 쓴, 감춘
*33. fracture
*33. rupture, crack, gap, cleft
**Volcanoes can originate from fractures in the Earth’s crust.
**균열, 갈라진 틈
*34. scanty
*34. scarce, sparse, thin, short, meager
**The scanty resources in desserts make then very difficult places for organisms to live.
**부족한
*35. debris
*35. fragment, wreckage, remains, dreg
**The shipwreck left debris floating near the shore.
**파편, 잔해
*36. unexpectedly
*36. surprisingly, unpredictably
**The amateur chef’s dishes were unexpectedly creative and delicious.
**듯밖에
*37. marginally
*37. slightly, somewhat, a little
**Mars rotates marginally slower than the Earth, so one day lasts 24.6 hours.
**조금
*37-1. marginal
*37-1. minor, insignificant
**미미한, 중요하지 않은
*38. infrequent
*38. uncommon, rare, unusual
**Lately, Sylvia’s trip home to see her parents have been infrequent due to financial difficulties.
**드문
*39. capacity
*39. ability, talent, flair
*39. volume, dimension
**Thomas Jefferson, the third US president, had a great capacity for leadership.
**the capacity of a dam
**능력, 재능
**용적, 수용력
*40. conceive
*40. imagine, envision, visualize
**According to a popular story, Newton conceived the idea of gravity while sitting under an apple tree.
**상상하다
*41. immobile
*41. unable to move, motionless
**The immobile truck caused a traffic jam during rush hour this morning.
**움직이지 못하는, 정지한
*42. milestone
*42. significant event, important event
**The movie Toy Story was a milestone for the computer graphics industry.
**획기적인 사건
*43. tempting
*43. attractive, appealing, inviting, appetizing
**Jennifer found the job offer to be too tempting to resist.
**매력적인
*44. antagonistic
*44. hostile, adversarial
**Many nations in the Middle East have antagonistic relationships with each other.
**적대하는, 대립하는
*45. prized
*45. outstanding, prominent, valued
**Mother’s prized orchids won first place in the flower show.
**뛰어난, 소중한
*46. cognitive
*46. mental
**Prolonged alcohol abuse has been shown to lead to permanent cognitive damage.
**인지(력)의, 정신적 작용의
*46-1. cognition
*46-1. awareness, discemment
**인지, 지각
*47. refuge
*47. shelter, place of safety, sanctuary
**Sandra tried to find refuge from oppression in a foreign country.
**피난처
*48. full sweep
*48. whole range
**The new documentary covers the full sweep of the emperor penguin’s life cycle.
**모든 범위
*49. notwithstanding
*49. despite, in spite of
**Notwithstanding our objection, the proposal for a pay cut was approved.
**~에도 불구하고
*50. trap
*50. catch, captrue
**Indigenous tribes of North America used hand-dug pits to trap larger animals.
**잡다
*51. methodical
*51. systematic, organized
**Rescurers conducted a methodical search for the missing hiker.
**체계적인
*52. emergency
*52. crisis, exigency
**A food shortage due to poor crops has created a national emergency.
**위기, 비상 사태
*53. gain
*53. increase, rise, growth, augmentation
**Stockholders were pleased that their stocks showed a gain in value.
**증가
*54. signal
*54. cue, indicate, communicate, gesture, motion
**The police officer signaled for traffic to move on.
**신호를 보내다
*55. issue
*55. matter, point, question
*55. announce, proclaim
**Many health professionals warn that childhood obesity is becoming a serious issue in the US.
**issue the court’s decision
**문제, 논란
**발표하다
*56. obliterate
*56. delete, erase, efface
**The thief obliterated evidence of his crime by destroying the surveillance video footage.
**지우다
*57. in addition
*57. moreover
**Online gambling is highly addictive and risky. In addition, it is illegal.
**게다가
*58. at the same time
*58. simultaneously
**In ice dancing, skaters usually jump at the same time.
**동시에, 함께
*59. voracious predator
*59. strong competitor
**Enron was a voracious predator that took over many other companies in the 1990s.
**탐욕스러운 포식자
day 23
*1. configuration
*1. arrangement, shape, form, conformation
**The internal combustion engine is made up of a complex configuration of parts.
**배치, (배치)형태
*2. induce
*2. bring about, cause, stimulate
*2. persuade, convince
**Because it was so deadly, the Ebola epidemic induced a lot of fears and concerns in many people.
**Bill’s mother tried to induce him to see a doctor.
**야기하다, 유발하다
**설득하다
*3. attain
*3. reach, arrive at
*3. achieve, accomplish, realize
**Mango trees grow rapidly and can attain heights of up to 90 feet.
**James attained national fame as a leading spokesman for human rights.
**도달하다
**성취하다, 얻다
*3-1. retain
**유지하다, 보유하다
*3-2. detain
**감금하다
*4. erratic
*4. irregular, unpredictable, uneven
**Mrs. Ascot was worried about her husband because his heartbeat was erratic.
**불규칙한
*5. eventual
*5. ultimate, final
**The Hoover Dam was a major engineering achievement with an eventual cost of $49 million.
**최종적인
*6. mandate
*6. order, command, instruction
**The president’s mandate to free political prisoners was controversial.
**명령, 지시
*7. prosperous
*7. flourishing, thriving, blooming
*7. financially successful, wealthy, affluent
**The formerly prosperous business began to fail after the economic crisis.
**Argentian is one of the most prosperous countries in South America.
**번영하는
**부유한
*8. requisite
*8. necessity, requirement
*8. essential, required, necessary
**Food, air, water, shelter, and clothing are requisites for human survival.
**All cars are manufactured to have the requisite safety features, such as airbags.
**필수품, 필요조건
**필수의
*8-1. requite
*8-1. return, repay
**갚다, 보답하다
*9. partake of
*9. consume, share
**Jerry could not partake of the snacks since he had severe food allergies.
**함께 먹다, 함께 하다
*10. pledge
*10. promise, oath, vow, undertaking
**In her campaign speech, the mayoral candidate made a pledge to reduce the city’s crime rate.
**약속, 맹세
*11. contend
*11. argue, assert, maintain
**The defense attorneys contended that their client was innocent.
**주장하다
*12. confine
*12. boundary, limit
*12. cramp, enclose, cage, limit
**The children were reminded to stay within the confines of the school.
**A zoo msut confine wild animals to protect visitors.
**경계, 범위
**가두다, 제한하다
*13. dictate
*13. require, suggest, prescribe
*13. determine
**The thirteenth amendment of the US Constitution dictated that slavery be abolished.
**The final interview with the manager dictated which candidate would get the position.
**(권위를 갖고) 지시하다(prescribe that the students attend)
**좌우하다, 결정하다
*14. durable
*14. long-lasting, lasting, enduring
**The most durable relationships are based on common interests and mutual trust.
**오래가는
*15. collectively
*15. together, all together, unitedly
**The two families collectively decided to pitch in money for a new lake cabin to share.
**공동으로
*16. furnish
*16. provide, supply, offer
**The counselor furnished Tim with the papers for his application.
**제공하다
*17. alter
*17. change, modify, metamorphose
**Educators must occasionally alter the curriculum to keep up with current trends.
**변경하다, 바꾸다
*18. determine
*18. decide, resolve, conclude
*18. figure out, calculate
**The organization determined that half of its yearly profits would go to charity.
**The amout of radiation in the sand grains was analyzed to determine when they were last exposed to sunlight.
**결정하다
**측정하다
*18-1. determined
*18-1. resolute, firm
**굳게 결심한
*19. haul
*19. draw, pull, drag, heave
**The movers had to haul the heavy couch two blocks down the street to get it into their truck.
**끌고 가다, 끌다
*20. approximation
*20. nearness, closeness, proximity
**Flagstaff, Arizona attracts many tourists due to its approximation to the Grand Canyon.
**근접성, 가까움
*21. found wanting
*21. judged inadequate
**Most of Sigmund Freud’s theories have been found wanting by modern psychologists.
**부족하다고 여겨지는
*22. classic
*22. typical, exemplary, model
*22. best, finest
**Queen is a classic example of a British rock band from the 1970s.
**Yeat’s classic work
**전형적인, 대표적인
**최고의
*23. grossly
*23. excessively
**The investors were shocked to discover that the company’s expected profits were grossly overestimated.
**지나치게
*24. vivid
*24. bright, brilliant
*24. graphic, lifelike
**The Pop Art movement featured the use of vivid colors and meaningful cultural themes.
**The vivid battle scenes in the war documentary made it difficult to watch at times.
**선명한
**생생한
*25. artificial
*25. synthetic, man-made
**Christine’s room was decorated with artificial flowers.
**인조의, 인공의
*26. transplant
*26. place in another context, remove, relocate
**Migrant workers who have been transplanted to unfamiliar countries often face great hardships.
**이동시키다
*27. camouflage
*27. hide, disguise, conceal
**Octopuses can cahnge their skin color to camouflage themselves.
**위장하다, 감추다
*28. implement
*28. tool, instrument, appliance
*28. execute, enforce
**The dentist’s implements were arranged neatly on a tray near the patient.
**implement a new policy
**도구, 기구
**시행하다
*29. excavate
*29. dig out, dig up, unearth, disinter
**In search of ancient ruins, an archaeology tean excavated possible sites on the island of Patras.
**파내다, 발굴하다
*30. disgust
*30. distaste, nausea, aversion
**Although bullfighting is a cultural tradition of Spain, animal rights activists regard the sport with disgust.
**혐오감, 불쾌감
*31. secluded
*31. remote, hidden, isolated, solitary
**Tired of crowds, Janice chose to stay on a secluded beach.
**외딴
*32. engulf
*32. swallow
**In 2004, a large tsunami engulfed many coastal areas in Southeast Asia.
**삼켜 버리다
*33. chronic
*33. persistent, constant, incessant
**Chronic stress is an increasingly common health concern in our busy modern world.
**만성적인, 장기간에 걸친
*34. magnificent
*34. superb, gorgeous, beautiful, splendid
**Malaysia has enchanting islands and magnificent mountains.
**굉장히 멋진
*35. truism
*35. self-evident truth, commonplace, cliche
**Too often, people who are seeking sincere advice receive thoughtless truisms from their friends and family.
**뻔한 말, 자명한 이치
*36. accidental
*36. unintentional, inadvertent, unintended
**Alexander Fleming’s accidental discovery of penicillin occurred while he was studying bacteria.
**우연한
*37. invent
*37. devise, originate
**In addition to the light bulg, Thomas Edison invented the motion picture camera.
**발명하다
*38. inherent in
*38. characteristic of
**Suckling is a behavior that is inherent in many mamal species.
**~에 내재된
*39. expose
*39. make visible, exhibit, uncover, subject
**Hemingway did not want to expose all aspects of his personal life to the public.
**드러내다, 노출시키다(he exhibited his true nature)
*40. perpetuate
*40. continue, immortalize, eternize
**The reason a majority of the population remains poor is that corruption in government is perpetuated.
**영속시키다
*41. be inclined to
*41. tend to
**Parents naturally are inclined to favor their own children over those of others.
**~하는 경향이 있다
*42. illusory
*42. misleading, deceptive, delusive
**Smiles can be illusory in that they sometimes mask contempt.
**착각을 일으키는
*43. heyday
*43. high point, golden age, prime, florescence
**During their heyday, rollerblades were the most popular form of outdoor recreation for kids and teens.
**전성기
*44. proficient
*44. skilled, skillful, expert, adept
**Few North Americans are proficient in more than one language.
**능숙한
*45. amply
*45. generously, bountifully, lavishly
**The restaurant’s storage room was amply stocked with food items from other countries.
**풍부하게
*46. desolate
*46. deserted, bleak, dreary
*46. lonely, solitary
**Desolate settlements known as ghost towns are common in the American Midwest.
**a desolate feeling
**황량한
**외로운
*47. more subtle
*47. less noticeable
**The political messages in Orozco’s art were obvious, but they were more subtle in Rivera’s.
**더 포착하기 어려운
*48. disrupt
*48. interfere with, interrupt, upset
**The constant chatter from the back of the classroom disrupted Professor Gumpert’s lecture.
**방해하다
*49. forerunner
*49. predecessor, antecedent
**Invented in Germany in th enineteenth century, the “dandy horse” was a forerunner of the modern bicycle.
**선조, 선구자
*50. immediate
*50. instant, prompt, on-the-spot
*50. nearest, neighboring, adjacent
**Rubbing menthol balm onto muscles can provide immediate pain relief.
**The immediate area was sealed off after the bombing attempt.
**즉각적인
**인접한
*51. wield
*51. exercise, use, handle
**A good leader wields his or her power only when necessary.
**휘두르다, 행사하다
*52. crush
*52. discourage, deflate
*52. squash, crumble
**The news that the proposal to build a new subway station had been rejected crushed residents of the neighborhood.
**a machine that crushes rocks
**(희망, 사기를) 꺾다
**눌러 부수다
*53. manner
*53. way, fashion, mode
**Sociologists study human social behavior in a systematic manner.
**방법, 방식
*54. uneasy
*54. apprehensive, unstable, disturbed, ill at ease
**The Chilean people were uneasy when General Pinochet took power following a bloody coup.
**불안한, 불안정한
day 22
*1. skeptical
*1. doubting, incredulous, dubious, suspicious
**Skeptical observers were amazed when the man walked on a wire across the Grand Canyon.
**의심 많은
*2. optimal
*2. best, ideal, most satisfactory
**Early childhood is the optimal period for second language acquisition.
**최적의, 최선의
*3. hint
*3. indication, implication, clue
*3. suggest, insinuate
**To sailors, a red sky in the morning is a hint that bad weather is approaching.
**hint him what she wants
**암시, 단서
**넌지시 알려주다
*4. challenge
*4. difficulty, problem
*4. question, dispute
**The main challenge that early goldminers faced in Alaska was the cold.
**Experts challenged the authenticity of the images that were supposedly those of Ansel Adams.
**문제, 난제
**이의를 제기하다
*5. potentially
*5. possibly, perhaps, maybe
**The student’s plagiarism on her final paper could potentially lead to the university pressing criminal charges.
**어쩌면
*6. compel
*6. force, oblige, require, coerce
**Slave women were compelled to do arduous tasks all day long.
**강요하다
*7. simultaneously
*7. at the same time, concurrently, in parallel
**The website slows down when too many people access it simultaneously.
**동시에
*8. static
*8. unchanging, immobile, unmoving
**The price of oil has remained fairly static for some weeks.
**변화가 없는, 고정된
*9. retain
*9. preserve, keep, maintain
**Americans must retain a copy of their tax forms from the previous three years.
**보유하다, 유지하다
*9-1. restrain
*9-1. suppress, repress
**억제하다
*10. strictly
*10. rigorously, severely, tightly, precisely
*10. only, exclusively, solely
**Traffic rules are strictly enforced by the police department in the city.
**The computers in the school library should be used strictly for educational purposes.
**엄격히, 엄밀히
**오로지
*11. exceptionally
*11. uncommonly, unusually, distinctively
**Exceptionally bright children sometimes do not get along with their peers.
**유난히
*12. consequently
*12. as a result, therefore, hence, thus
**China has made efforts to increase global trade, which has consequently led to a more established economy.
**그 결과, 따라서
*13. obtain
*13. acquire, gain, earn, derive, achieve
**Jake was thrilled when he finally obtained his driver’s license after failing the test twice before.
**얻다, 획득하다
*14. epitomize
*14. exemplify, typify, represent
*14. summarize, abridge
**Theodore Roosevelt epitomized the qualities of a successful leader.
**Photographers can sometimes epitomize an entire story in a single picture.
**~의 전형이 되다
**요약하다
*15. aggregate
*15. overall, total, combined, collective
*15. gather, collect, combine, accumulate, amass
**The aggregate demand for affordable housing increases every year.
**Particles and gases aggregate in outer space to eventually form stars and planets.
**총계의, 집합적인
**모이다, 모으다
*16. in principle
*16. theoretically, in theory, on paper
**In principle, solar energy could provide enough electricity for the whole planet.
**이론상으로
*17. sequentially
*17. consecutively, successively
**Ralph numbered all the pages of his paper sequentially.
**연속적으로, 순차적으로
*18. surveillance
*18. observation, watch, supervision
**Electronic surveillance is an effective method used to detect and prevent criminal behavior.
**감시
*19. accompany
*19. occur with, come with
**In some thunderstorms, large hail accompanies the heavy wind, thunder, and lightning.
**동반하다
*20. hazardous
*20. dangerous, perilous, risky, unsafe
**Hazardous materials used in agriculture can seep into the ground and taint water resources.
**위험한
*21. thwart
*21. frustrate
**The economic crisis thwarted the government’s plan to increase social welfare spending.
**좌절시키다
*22. vanish
*22. disappear, fade, evaporate
**Like a ghost, the magician vanished into thin air at the conclusion of his performance.
**사라지다
*22-1. banish
*22-1. exile, expatriate
**추방하다
*23. synthesis
*23. combination, union, integration
**Paul’s art is a synthesis of technology and organic material.
**통합
*24. forum
*24. public area, public square
**In ancient Rome, open markets were often forums for meetings and discussions.
**공공 광장
*25. invade
*25. trespass, enter, intrude, raid
**Illness occurs when harmful bacteria invade the cells of a healthy person.
**침입하다
*26. quarters
*26. residence, dwelling, habitation, abode
**The institute has its own staff quarters to accommodate full-time employees.
**주거, 숙소
*26-1. quarter
*26-1. accommodate, house
**숙박시키다
*27. abolish
*27. eliminate, end, annul, revoke, nullify
**New laws introduced in the mid-nineteenth century abolished slavery in Russia.
**폐지하다
*28. staggering
*28. shocking, astonishing, stunning, astounding
**A science magazine released the staggering enws that nearly 7 million bats died over the past few years.
**충격적인
*29. disclose
*29. reveal, divulge, unveil
**Government officials disclosed that they had been negotiating with the rebels.
**밝히다, 폭로하다
*30. scores
*30. a large number, host, crowd, multitude
**Scores of songs were considered for the movie soundtrack, but only ten were chosen.
**다수
*31. eager to
*31. anxious to, keen to, impatient to
**During the holidays, the roads are crowded with travelers who are eager to see their families.
**~을 하고 싶어하는
*32. systematically
*32. methodically
**Companies must systematically test the security of their online networks to prevent data theft.
**체계적으로
*33. stimulate
*33. prompt, spur, promote, activate
**The New Deal included federal action to stimulate industrial recovery.
**자극하다, 활성화시키다
*33-1. simulate
*33-1. imitate, pretend
**흉내내다
*34. limited
*34. restricted, narrow, confined
**Northern cavefish are found only in caves in a limited area around the Ohio River.
**제한된, 한정된
*35. excessive
*35. extreme, undue, exorbitant
**Many members of Congress considered Joseph McCarthy’s claims of communist infiltration excessive.
**지나친
*36. similar
*36. comparable, alike, analogous
**Spanish and French are related languages so they share similar grammar and vocabulary.
**비슷한
*37. entitled to
*37. given the right to, authorized to, qualified to
**In the US, all citizens are entitled to vote upon reaching the age of 18.
**~할 권리가 있는
*37-1. entitle
*37-1. empower, warrant
**권리를 주다
*38. constantly
*38. continually, continously, perpetually, always
**As Priscilla walked through the village for the first time in 20 years, she was constantly reminded of her childhood.
**끊임없이
*39. turbulence
*39. agitation, tumult, commotion, turmoil
**Peacekeepers tried to dampen the burbulence in the region.
**소란, 동요
*40. essence
*40. fundamental, essentiality, substance, nature
**The essence of happiness is strong relationships and meaningful work.
**본질
*41. back up
*41. support, stand by, aid, assist
**Cheryl’s parents did not back up her decision to switch her major from biology to drama.
**지지하다, 지원하다
*42. flexibility
*42. adaptability, adjustability, versatility
**In addition to education and skills, workers need flexibility to thrive in today’s business world.
**융통성, 적응성
*43. archaic
*43. antiquated, outdated, old, primitive
**HIstorians still debate how the prehistoric builders were able to construct Stonehenge using such archaic technology.
**구식의
*44. eject
*44. force out, throw out, expel
**The referee ejected two players who engaged in a tussle on the field.
**쫓아내다
*44-1. inject
**주입하다
*44-2. deject
**낙담시키다
*45. interpret
*45. construe, explain, understand
**There are several different ways to interpret a poem.
**해석하다, 이해하다
*46. intensity
*46. strength
**The intensity of the earthquake frightened the people who had never experienced one.
**강도, 세기
*47. sloping
*47. inclining, inclined, slanted
**Rain that falls in the mountains runs down the sloping ground into the valleys.
**경사진
*48. endeavor
*48. make an effort, strive, struggle, attempt
**Although she was exhausted, Corinne endeavored to finish painting the house before nightfall.
**노력하다, 시도하다
*49. circumvent
*49. get around, bypass, detour
**Jack and Fred went north in order to circumvent the mountains.
**우회하다
*50. counterproductive
*50. contrary to what is necessary
**Crash diets are counterproductive because they never result in permanent weight loss.
**역효과를 낳는
*51. lucid
*51. clear, obvious, distinct
**The teacher’s explanation was lucid enough for a child to understand.
**명료한
*52. delineate
*52. outline, trace
**The Rio Grande River delineates the border between Texas and Mexico.
**그리다
*53. practical
*53. pragmatic, functional, effective
**Setting a monthly budget is a practical way to reduce expenses and save money.
**실용적인, 효과적인
*54. revere
*54. honor, admire, venerate, respect
**Ancient Egyptians revered cats and included them as an important part of religious worship.
**존경하다, 숭배하다
*55. unpromising
*55. unfavorable
**The child had a successful life despite growing up in unpromising circumstances.
**가망이 없는
*56. heed
*56. attention, notice, caution
*56. pay attention to, listen to
**If Nancy had paid heed to the warning, she wouldn’t have fallen off the platform.
**heed the teacher
**주의
**~에 주의를 기울이다
*57. location
*57. region, site, position, place
**Coffee plants grow only in locations with cool temperatures.
**장소, 지역
*58. opposing
*58. conflicting
**Leaders of democratic countries must deal with groups that have opposing interests.
**상반되는, 모순되는
day 21
*1. flourish
*1. thrive, prosper, blossom, do well
**Watercolor painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.
**번창하다
*2. dissipate
*2. disperse, scatter
*2. squander, waste
**The wind dissipated the pollen over a distance of hundreds of meters.
**흘뜨리다, 흩어지다
**dissipate the funds
**낭비하다
*3. profound
*3. great, significant
*3. deep, fundamental
*3. far-reaching
**Carson has a profound sense of responsibility for the zoo animals’ welfare.
**Rane Descartes made the profound philosophical statement “I think, therefore I am.”
**The discovery of X-rays in the late nineteenth century had profound implications for medicine.
**엄청난
**깊은, 심오한
**폭넓은
*4. intriguing
*4. interesting but not completely understood, fascinating
**It is intriguing that the universe’s largest black hole does not swallow nerby stars and planets.
**매우 흥미로운
*5. considerably
*5. significantly, appreciably, fairly
**A considerably large number of deaths due to influenza were recorded in the 1920s.
**상당히
*6. ingenuity
*6. creativeness, inventiveness, cleverness
**Thomas Edison was a man of extraordinary ingenuity.
**창의력, 교묘함
*7. conquer
*7. defeat, prevail, triumph
*7. acquisition
**The Spartans were so well-trained that they easily conquered most of their opponents.
**이기다
**획득
*8. fragment
*8. piece, flake, particle, part
*8. break apart, shatter, divide
**Detectives found a fragment of glass which would later help them solve the crime.
**Financial troubles and domestic violence are all issues that can fragment a family.
**조각, 부분
**산산이 부수다, 부서지다
*9. spell
*9. a certain period of time
**Students should be allowed to rest for a spell after completing a difficult exam.
**한동안
*10. facet
*10. aspect, phase
**All individuals show different facets of their personalities, depending on who their audience is.
**측면
*11. mundane
*11. ordinary, banal, commonplace
**Kelly believes that mundane activities such as cooking and cleaning are a waste of time.
**일상적인, 평범한
*12. dense
*12. crowded, thinck, compact
**The dense vegetation of the Amazon rainforest makes it difficult to travel on foot.
**밀집한, 빽빽한
*13. random
*13. unplanned, unpredictable, chance
**The most common personality disorderes frequently include mood swings and random behavior.
**무작위의, 우연한
*14. mere
*14. nothing more than, insignificant
**The stock market gained a more one percent for the entire year, causing investors to look elsewhere for profits.
**단지 ~에 불과한, 하찮은
*15. persistence
*15. continuation, ceaselessness
**The persistence of economic growth in the country has improved its standard of living.
**지속
*16. intrusive
*16. interfering, meddlesome
**Some learning experts believe that child education should be less intrusive.
**개입하는, 참견하는
*16-1. intrude
*16-1. push-in, encroach
**개입하다, 침입하다
*17. culminate in
*17. reach completion in, reach the highest point in
**T.S. Eliot’s ideas about poetry culminated in his masterpiece, The Waste Land.
**~에서 절정에 달하다
*18. stabilize
*18. hold in place, support
**The damaged ceiling was stabilized by the addition of temporary support beams.
**안정시키다, 고정시키다
*19. prompt
*19. cause, bring about, induce, stimulate
**The increse in colllege fee prompted an angry response from students.
**유발하다, 자극하다
*20. distinction
*20. difference, divergence, contrast
**Dickinson identifies an important distinction between right and duties.
**차이
*21. constant
*21. unchangeable, steady, stationary
**The first treadmills operated at constant speeds, but newer models have multiple speeds.
**변함없는, 일정한
*22. appreciation
*22. understanding, comprehension
**Everyone’s appreciation of modern art increased after the lecture.
**이해
*23. sophistication
*23. expertise
*23. urbanity, refinement
**Daniel’s level of sophistication in technology surpasses those of other experts in the field.
**the sophistication of modern fashion
**지식
**세련됨
*24. pronouncement
*24. statement, declaration, proclamation
**A wedding ceremony often concludes with a pronouncement that the man and woman are now husband and wife.
**선언, 발표
*25. flag
*25. lesson, weaken, fade, wither
*25. mark, label
**When interest in its product flagged, the company decided to change its marketing strategy.
**flag the client’s file
**시들다, 줄다
**표시하다
*26. ambivalent
*26. mixed, unsure, undecided
**Joe has ambivalent feelings about getting back into a relationship with his ex-girlfriend.
**상반되는 감정을 지닌
*27. term
*27. call, name, designate, denominate
**Claude Monet founded a new style of painting that was termed impressionism.
**칭하다
*28. flawed
*28. incorrect
**Early scientists made inaccurate estimates of the Earth’s age based on flawed data.
**결함이 있는
*29. reminisce
*29. recollect, remember, recall, look back
**Karen and Esther walked through the park as they reminisced about their college days.
**회상하다
*30. destitute of
*30. lacking, empty of, deficient in
**Early British colonists were destitute of the skills needed to survive in America.
**~이 없는
*31. regrettably
*31. unfortunately, lamentably, sadly
**Regrettably, city council has voted to cancel the popular anti-poverty program.
**유감스럽게도
*32. principle
*32. basic method, original method
**In some Amazon tribes, the principles of homebuilding have not changed since ancient times.
**원리
*32-1. principal
*32-1. main, chief
**주요한, 주된
*33. contain
*33. include, comprise
**Independent filmmaking contains a different set of challenges than film production at major studios.
**포함하다
*34. juncture
*34. connection, junction, link
**A weakened juncture was responsible for the collapse of the building.
**연결, 접합
*35. discount
*35. ignore, disregard
**It’s getting more and more difficult to discount the possibility of another global economic crisis.
**무시하다
*36. or so
*36. roughly
**The author began writing short stories when he was twenty or so.
**~정도
*37. dejected
*37. depressed, downhearted
**The singer’s fans felt dejected because the concert was canceled.
**낙담한
*38. proposal
*38. idea, offer, proposition, suggestion
**The proposal to increase the number of immigrants admitted into the country is controversial.
**제안
*39. for all
*39. in spite of, with all, despite
**For all their efforts, the engineers could not repair the damaged ship.
**~에도 불구하고
*40. uniquely
*40. exceptionally, distinctively
**Sloths are uniquely adapted to spending long periods of time hanging upside down.
**독특하게
*41. criticize
*41. find fault with, blame, condemn, censure
**Civil rights leaders criticized the government for failing to protect minorities.
**비난하다
*42. erode
*42. wear down, wear away, wear out
**Over time, water and wind can erode even the hardest rock formation into dust.
**침식시키다, 침식되다
*42-1. erosion
*42-1. corrosion
**침식
*43. tension
*43. strain, pressure
**Laughing out loud helps ease tension.
**긴장, 압박
*44. ancient
*44. early, old, prehistoric, antique
**Most ancient Greek philosophies denied the existence of God.
**고대의
*45. inherently
*45. essentially, intrinsically
**Stocks are inherently risky investments that have the potential to significantly decrease in value.
**본질적으로
*46. sporadic
*46. occasional, intermittent, irregular, infrequent
**During World War II, many cities were subject to sporadic bombing raids.
**때때로 일어나는
*47. apex
*47. crest, peak, acme, pinnacle
**Retail store profits reach an apex in December, during the Christmas season.
**정점
*48. though
*48. however, nevertheless, yet, still
*48. although, while, albeit
**The actress was nominated for an Oscar. She probably won’t win, though.
**Paul admitted making mistakes, though he claims never to have lied.
**그렇지만
**~이지만
*48-1. thorough
*48-1. exhaustive, scrupulous
**철저한
*49. infer
*49. conclude, derive, reason, deduce
**The hunters inferred that there were no large animals in the area.
**추론하다
*50. core
*50. central idea, center, heart
**The core of Clinton’s plan was to set up reginal health alliances.
**핵심
*51. mutation
*51. change, variation, alteration
**The Center for Disease Control and Prevention monitors infectious viruses that are likely to undergo mutation.
**돌연변이 과정, 변화, 변형
*52. thrill
*52. excitement, exhilaration, frisson
**The thrill of bungee jumping is exciting for some people and terrifying for others.
**흥분, 전율
*53. mutilate
*53. damage, injure, disable
**The injury mutilated the soccer player’s knee and forced him to retire from the sport.
**못쓰게 만들다
*54. rigidly
*54. strictly, rigorously, severly
**Medieval philosophers rigidly adhered to Aristotle’s teachings.
**엄격하게
*55. matter
*55. substance, material, stuff
*55. issue
*55. be important
**Plants are only able to grow in soil that contains a sufficient amout of organic matter.
**The committee will discuss the matter of school funding in its next meeting.
**being on time matters
**물질
**사안
**중요하다
*56. contradicting
*56. opposing
**There are several contradicting theories about the formation of the moon.
**서로 대립하는
*57. unwilling
*57. reluctant
**Many of the people involved in the experiment were unwilling participants.
**마지못해 하는, 꺼리는
day 20
*1. harness
*1. utilize, put to use, employ
**The ancient Egyptians harnessed the power of water for agriculture.
**(자연의 힘 등을) 이용하다
*2. prestige
*2. high regard, status
**Being enrolled at a top university gives a student prestige.
**명성, 위신
*3. radically
*3. extremely, completely, essentially
**Developments in computer technology led to radically different methods of communication.
**철저하게, 근본적으로
*4. exhibit
*4. show, display, present, demonstrate, set forth
**The dancer exhibited grace and dignity despite her foot injury.
**보이다, 나타내다
*5. deposit
*5. lay place, lay down, set down, leave behind
*5. accumulation, sediment
**Express mail must be deposited in the pickup box by noon for next-day delivery.
**a deposi of silt
**놓다, 두다
**침전물
*6. shatter
*6. break, destroy, smash
**A tornado shattered the windows of nearby houses last night.
**산산이 부수다
*7. barren
*7. infertile, sterile, lifeless, unable to sustain life
**The barren soil of the Rocky Mountains provides few nutrients to the grass.
**척박한, 불모의
*8. consent
*8. agree, assent
**Not all Native American tribes consented to having their land taken away by the government.
**동의하다
*9. give rise to
*9. cause, produce, provoke, bring about
**Jake’s dramatic weight gain gave rise to several health problems.
**~을 초래하다
*10. size up
*10. evaluate, measure, assess, appraise
**A company must size up its competition before entering a new market.
**평가하다
*11. mimic
*11. imitate, copy, reproduce
**Many insects mimic twigs or leaves for protection.
**흉내 내다, 모방하다
*12. contiguous
*12. neighboring, adjacent, adjoining
**The US and Canada are contiguous nations that share the world’s longest border.
**인접한
*12-1. contagious
*12-1. infectious, transmissible
**전염성의
*13. engage
*13. involve
*13. reserve, book
*13. hire
**The lawyer engaged his colleagues in a conversation about legal ethics.
**An assistant to the CEO engaged a famous banquet hall for the dinner.
**The magazine engaged the services of several excellent writers to make its articles more interesting.
**참여시킫, (대화 등에) 끌어들이다
**(방, 좌석 등을) 예약하다
**고용하다
*13-1 engagement
*13-1. combat, battle
**교전, 전투
*14. initial
*14. first, original, earliest
**The theory based on the team’s initial reserach was disproven by later studies.
**최초의
*15. essential
*15. fundamental
*15. indispensable, required
**The Earth itself is the most essential natural resource.
**Completing medical school is an essential step to becoming a doctor.
**근본적인
**필수적인
*16. pertinent
*16. relevant, related, germane
**The detective wanted to know all the pertinent details.
**관련된
*17. traumatic
*17. highly stressful, upsetting, disturbing
**Psychologists help patients to recover from traumatic experiences.
**정신적 충격이 큰
*18. on the whole
*18. in general, generally, overall, by and large
**On the whole, Africa is a warm continent, but some areas have cold weather.
**대체로
*19. dispersal
*19. distribution, scattering
**Wind is one of the primary factors in the disperal of dandelion seeds.
**확산, 분산
*19-1. disposal
*19-1. removal, clearance
**처분, 폐기
*20. sought-after
*20. desired, desirable, in demand
**Water is a sought-after resource in areas of Pakistan suffering from severe drought.
**수요가 많은, 인기 있는
*21. expand
*21. enlarge, increase, swell, bloat
**In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase expanded the territory of the US by 828,000 square miles.
**확장시키다, 확장하다
*22. mastery
*22. control
*22. expertise
**The best way to gain mastery over one’s fears is to confront them.
**Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman and orator who is remembered for his mastery of Latin prose.
**통제력, 지배
**전문적 지식
*23. perpetually
*23. continually, incessantly, ceaselessly
**Wind power plant may be established in places where the wind blows perpetually.
**끊임없이
*24. evacuate
*24. move out
**Flooding forced the building’s residents to evacuate.
**대피하다, 비우고 떠나다
*25. excrete
*25. expel, discharge, eject
**Certain types of frogs native to South America excrete toxins through their skin.
**배설하다, 방출하다
*25-1. execrate
*25-1. loathe, despise
**혐오하다
*26. gradually
*26. slowly, little by little
**The scars from the accident are gradually disappearing, but there will always be a small mark on Kevin’s forehead.
**서서히
*27. affluent
*27. plentiful, abundant
*27. wealthy, rich, well-off
**Ancient Rome received an affluent supply of grain from Egypt.
**Jackie came from an affluent family.
**풍부한
**부유한
*28. stationary
*28. unmoving, motionless, immobile
**A stationary target is easy to aim at.
**움직이지 않는
*29. cling to
*29. stick to, hold tightly, adhere to
**Static electricity can make light objects cling to one another.
**~에 달라붙다
*30. endow
*30. donate
*30. grant, provide, endure
**The successful businessman endowed his college with a generous monetary gift.
**From his first public performance, critics realized that the young pianist was endowed with an incredible gift.
**기부하다
**(능력, 재능 등을) 부여하다
*30-1. endowment
*30-1. talent, gift
**재능, 자질
*31. verging on
*31. bordering on
**The critic’s comments were so harsh that they were verging on insults.
**~에 가까운, 거의 ~인
*32. contemptuous
*32. scornful, disdainful
**The presidential candidate made contemptuous statements about his opponents.
**업신여기는
*33. accelerate
*33. increas in speed, speed up
**The airplane accelerated as it headed down the runway.
**속도를 높이다
*34. confirm
*34. ascertain, verify
**Multiple studies have confirmed the connection between smoking and cancer.
**확인하다
*35. harsh
*35. severe, rigorous, inclement
**Conditions in the prison camp were unberarably harsh.
**가혹한
*36. mere subsistence
*36. basic living necessaries
**Technological advances have helped many farmers make a profit and work for more than mere subsistence.
**최저 생계 수단, 생필품
*37. adherent
*37. supporter, advocate
**The senator’s adherents donated money for his reelection campaigh.
**지지자
*38. invaluable
*38. precious, priceless, valuable
**Clean air is an invaluable asset that is crucial for health in all societies.
**매우 귀중한
*39. successive
*39. sequential, consecutive, serial
**The successive victories won by the team qualified it for the national championship tournament.
**연속적인
*40. coating
*40. layer, film
**A chemical coating is applied to smartphone screens to make them more durable.
**코팅, 칠, 입힌 것
*41. resume
*41. restart, beging again, recommence
**The conference will resume after a short break for lunch.
**다시 시작하다
*42. dual
*42. double, twofold
**After the addition of the camera feature, many cellular phones began to serve a dual purpose.
**이중의
*43. composite
*43. mixture, compound
**An alloy is a composite of matals joined together to form a new material.
**합성물
*44. illuminate
*44. light, brighten, clarify
**During the expedition deep into the forest, the explorers used lanterns to illuminate the way.
**밝게 하다, 명확하게 하다
*45. allure
*45. attract, invite, appeal, lure
**The beautiful Sirens in Greek mythology allured countless men and drove them to their death.
**매혹하다(invite customers into the shop)
*46. rekindle
*46. renew, arouse, reawaken
**Going to see a classical music concert rekindled Ben’s love of the violin.
**다시 불붙이다, 되살아나게 하다
*47. devastation
*47. destruction, demolition, ruin
**The devastation of cities and villages is inevitable in wartime.
**파괴
*48. tentative
*48. uncertain, unsure
**Though the results were tentative, the experiment seemed to promise a cure for the disease.
**망설이는, 불확실한
*49. suppose
*49. assume, presume, surmise
**As Steve’s wife didn’t answer the phone, he supposed that she was out.
**추측하다
*50. primitive
*50. early, primeval
*50. simple, rudimentary
**Most primitive cave paintings are representations of animals.
**The tourist’s primitive understanding of the language made it difficult for him to communicate with the locals.
**초기의
**발달되지 않은
*51. interrupt
*51. break off
**Frequent technical problems with the computer equipment interrupted the flow of Charlie’s presentation.
**중단시키다
*52. conform
*52. comply, obey, follow
**Many companies expect their employees to conform to a strict dress code.
**따르다
*53. combine
*53. incorporate, mix, unite
**The artist combined rich colors and interesting patterns in his work.
**결합시키다
*54. terminal
*54. final, last
*54. fatal, deadly
**All passengers are required to get off the train at the terminal station.
**a terminal illness
**마지막의
**불치의, 치명적인
*55. point out
*55. state, indicate, show
**The article pointed out that more funding is needed for public education.
**지적하다, 언급하다
day 19
*1. forage
*1. seek for food, search, hunt, rummage
*1. feed, fodder, food
**Steve was surprised to find a raccoon foraging in his garbage can.
**Grasses serve as forage a wide variety of animals.
**(식량 등을) 찾아다니다
**사료, 먹이
*2. erect
*2. build, construct, set up
*2. upright, straight
**Nearly $4.8 billion was used to erect more than 200 waste disposal facilities.
**an erect statue
**세우다, 건설하다
**똑바로 선
*3. integral
*3. essential, crucial, indispensable
*3. complete
**Sufficient sleep is an integral part of overall good health.
**The museum contains an integral collection of the artist’s paintings and sculptures.
**필수적인
**완전한, 빠진 것이 없는
*4. precisely
*4. exactly, accurately, correctly, with precision
**Measure the cake ingredients precisely before adding them to the mixing bowl.
**정확하게
*5. handle
*5. process, manage, deal with
**Workers should handle the complaints in the same order as they are received.
**처리하다
*6. objective
*6. purpose, aim, goal
*6. unbiased, impartial
**The objective of astronomers has always been to add knowledge to the field of astronomy.
**Justice is often represented by scales, which emphasize the importance of objective standards.
**목적, 목표
**편견없는
*7. deviate
*7. depart, turn aside, diverge, stray
**In the past, sailors looked at the stars so that they would not deviate from their course.
**벗어나다(depart from the norm)
*8. vigor
*8. energy, strength, vitality
**Parasites can cause a wide range of symptoms, from headaches to loss of vigor.
**활력, 힘
*9. decisive
*9. significant, definitive, definite
**A decisive victory for the North, the Battle of Gettysburg led to the end of the Civil War.
**결정적인, 명백한
*10. primordial
*10. begining, original, earliest
**In the primordial stage of cell division, enzymes that are mecessary for replication are synthesized.
**최초의
*11. cluster
*11. gather, group, assemble
*11. bunch, clump
**The autograph seekers clustered around the celebrity following the awards ceremony
**a cluster of students
**(떼를 지어) 모으다, 모으다
**무리
*12. revise
*12. change, modify, alter, edit, correct
**Scientists revised their earlier claims that the ozone layer would recover by 2050.
**수정하다, 변경하다
*13. obscure
*13. unclear, uncertain, hidden, dim, faint
**Jane had trouble identifying the obscure figures in the old photograph.
**흐릿한, 불분명
*14. rebound
*14. recover, rally, bounce back
*14. recovery, return
**The American economy rebounded from the Great Depression only when the World War II began.
**The rebound of the lake’s trout population happened quickly once all forms of fishing were banned.
**다시 일어서다, 회복되다
**회복
*15. thus
*15. consequently, therefore, accordingly
**New drugs can lower bloold pressure, thus reducing the risk of stroke.
**따라서
*16. minutely
*16. in detail, meticulously
**A human being’s brain activity can now be minutely examined.
**자세하게
*17. tend
*17. take care of, look after, care for, foster
*17. be inclined, be likely
**Alice asked her neighbors to tend her garden when she went away on vacation.
**tend to sleep late
**돌보다
**~하는 경향이 있다
*18. impact
*18. influence, effect, repercussion
**The printing press had a major impact on history.
**영향
*19. luxuriant
*19. rich, abundant, exuberant, ,opulent
**Tracts of luxuriant plant life cover the Amazon River’s basin.
**무성한
*20. altogether
*20. fully, completely, entirely, totally, wholly
**Quitting smoking altogether is difficult, so many people fail several times before succeeding.
**완전히
*21. astounding
*21. amazing, astonishing, surprising
**Copernicus made the astounding discovery that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
**놀라운
*22. propagation
*22. spread, dissemination
**The propagation of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire occured over a period of centuries.
**보급, 전파
*23. encroach
*23. trespass, invade, intrude
**The hunters were fined heavily for encroaching on the farmer’s property.
**침입하다
*24. bizarre
*24. strange, odd, erratic, exotic, irregular
**Everyone stared at the young women because her dress was so bizarre
**이상한, 기괴한
*25. elevate
*25. raise, lift, heave, hoist
**Without cranes, it would be nearly impossible to elevate the large steel beams of skyscrapers.
**들어 올리다
*26. superb
*26. excellent, outstanding, magnificent
**Fans cheered widely at the athlete’s superb performance.
**훌륭한
*27. accommodate
*27. lodge, make room for, hold
*27. adjust to, suit, adapt, fit
**The resorts were carefully planned to accommodate large numbers of tourists.
**Good business managers must have the ability to accommodate change in the workplace.
**수용하다
**적응하다, 맞추다
*28. infinite
*28. limitless, unlimited, immeasurable, boundless
**Scientists disagree as to wheter the universe is infinite or wheter it has boundaries.
**무한한
*28-1. indefinite
*28-1. uncertain, undefined
**명확하지 않은
*29. glimpse into
*29. brief view into, quick look into
**The travel magazine gives readers a glimpse into cultures around the world.
**~을 흘끗 봄
*30. mold
*30. shape, form, fashion
**The Grand Canyon was molded by water and wind over an extended period of time.
**형성되다, 만들다
*31. wary
*31. cautious, distrustful, watchful
**Taiwan’s government was wary of becoming economically dependent on China.
**경계하는
*32. expansion
*32. spread, growth
**The development of new colonies led to the expansion of the British Empire.
**팽창, 확장
*33. autonomy
*33. self-rule, independence
**The powers of the American federal government limit the autonomy of individual states.
**자치권
*34. complaint
*34. protest, grievance
**Student complaints of being overworked must be taken seriously by instuctors.
**불만, 항의
*35. subordinate
*35. secondary, subject, dependent
*35. subdue
**In the US, municipal and state courts are subordinate to federal ones.
**subordinate an opponent
**종속적인
**복종시키다
*36. thrive
*36. do well, prosper, flourish
**Slavery in America thrived because there was a scarcity of labor.
**번성하다
*37. by and large
*37. for the most part, on the whole
**By and large, the members of Jinny’s team agreed on the terms of the contract.
**대체로
*38. unique to
*38. existing only in, exclusive to
**A brain area unique to humans is responsible for analytical planning.
**~특유의
*39. annual
*39. yearly
**Rainforests typically receive between two and five meters of annual rainfall.
**연간의
*40. frigid
*40. cold, freezing, frosty
**The frigid temperatures drove most people to stay indoors.
**몹시 추운
*41. appreciate
*41. recognize, understand, perceive
*41. be grateful for, be thankful for
**A good educator appreciates that each child has different strengths and weaknesses.
**appreciate his efforts
**인식하다
**고마워하다
*42. apparatus
*42. equipment, device
**The hospital did not have the necessary apparatus for taking X-rays.
**기구, 장치
*43. engender
*43. cause, bring about, generate
**A friendly work environment engenders good relathionships between co-workers.
**야기하다
*44. adverse
*44. negative, unfavorable, not favorable, harmful
**President Bush’s speech received an adverse reaction from most European leaders.
**부정적인
*45. accomplished
*45. skilled, proficient
**Robin is an accomplished sculptor.
**숙련된
*46. conceal
*46. hide, cover, obscure
**Police officers found the cocaine concealed inside the doll.
**숨기다, 감추다
*47. uniform
*47. consistent, even, invariable
**Using a mold will ensure every cookie is uniform in size and shape.
**일정한, 한결같은
*48. complement
*48. supplement
**Wine experts recommend white wine as the perfect complement to salmon.
**금상첨화격 요소, 보완물
*48-1. compliment
*48-1. praise, admiration
**칭찬
*49. refrain from
*49. avoid, abstain from, keep from
**Museum visitors are asked to refrain from taking photographs of the exhibits.
**~을 삼가다
*50. column
*50. pillar, post
**In coastal areas, houses are often built on columns to protect against flooding by ocean waves.
**기둥
*51. underscore
*51. emphasize, reinforce, underline, accentuate
**In the lecture, Dr. Jones underscored that exercise is the only cure for obesity.
**강조하다
*52. inspire
*52. motivate, fire the imagination of
**A real person inspired Charles Dickens to write his classic, A Chirtmas Carol.
**영감을 주다
*53. swell
*53. increase, expand, enlarge
**California’s population swelled during the Gold Rush.
**팽창하다, 팽창시키다
*54. deficient
*54. not enough, insufficient, inadequate
**Plants may turn from green to yellow if they are deficient in nitrogen.
**부족한
*54-1. feficiency
*54-1. deprivation, lack
**결핍
*55. indiscriminately
*55. randomly
**The police indiscriminately arrested people at the site of the demonstration.
**무차별로, 가리지 않고
*56. to some extent
*56. within limits
**University students are, to some extent, free to select their own courses.
**어느 정도까지
*57. hierarchical
*57. arranged in order of
**The hierarchical structure of large companies may limit innovation.
**계급제의
day 18
*1. initiative
*1. enterprise, ambition, drive
*1. plan, scheme
**People expect leaders to show great initiative when faced with a crisis.
**initiavie to raise money
**진취성
**계획
*2. privided that
*2. if, once, on the condition that, supposing
**Lila could watch two hours of television provided that she finished her homework first.
**만약 ~이라면
*3. phenomenal
*3. extraordinary, remarkable
**The discovery of the electron was phenomenal advance in physics.
**경이적인
*4. likewise
*4. similarly, in the same way
*4. also, as well
**France has signed the environmental agreement, and Germany is expected to do likewise.
**Sarah nearly failed chemistry and she likewise struggled to pass biology.
**마찮가지로, 똑같이
**또한
*5. tangible
*5. material, physical, concrete, substantial
**Tangible assets, such as equipment and land, have a physical form.
**유형의, 실재하는
*6. absurd
*6. ridiculous, preposterous, ludicrous
**Claims about the existence of UFOs seem absurd to many people.
**터무니없는
*7. inclement
*7. unfavorable, harsh, severe
**Bears hibernate in winter to cope with limited food and to avoid inclement weather.
**(날씨가) 혹독한
*7-1. increment
*7-1. increase, gain
**증가
*8. overly
*8. excessively, inordinately, unduly
**If children have everything done for them by their parents, they may become overly dependent.
**지나치게
*9. consume
*9. expend, use up, completely use, exhaust
*9. destroy, devastate, demolish
*9. eat, devour
**The people next dor consume a lot of electricity in heating their home.
**The forest fire was so great that it consumed everything in its path.
**Maggots are sometimes used to clean out wounds as they only consume dead tissue.
**소비하다
**소멸시키다
**먹다
*10. overall
*10. general, total, comprehensive
**The violinist made a couple msitakes, but the overall performance of the piece was good.
**전반적인
*11. promote
*11. encourage, advance, further, forward
**There was a meeting to promote trade between China and the US.
**촉진하다
*12. proliferation
*12. increase, growth, multiplication
**The proliferation of invasive plant species sometimes harms native vegetation.
**급증
*13. copious
*13. plentiful, abundant, ample, bountiful
**The copious rainfall in the winter allowed the farmers to irrigate their crops all year.
**풍부한
*14. negligible
*14. insignificant, slight, minor, trivial
**Carbon dioxide has a negligible effect on ozone depletion.
**사소한
*15. notably
*15. particularly, especially, in particular
**Notably, many women writers in the 1800s used pen names.
**특히
*16. inhibit
*16. hinder, restrict, limit, restrain, ban, prohibit, forbid
**The law inhibits the use of pesticides on properties next to large bodies of water.
**금지하다
*16-1. inhabit
*16-1. live, dwell in
**거주하다
*17. worshiper
*17. people participating in a religious service
**In Buddhism, worshipers often bow in front of a statue of Budda.
**예배자
*18. pool
*18. combine, put together
*18. combination, group
**Members of the community pooled their resources to purchase land for a park.
**A pool of journalists from various international newspapers gathered in the conference room for the announcement.
**모으다
**기업, 연합
*19. at the urging of
*19. at the recommendation of
**At the urginig of world leaders, many governments are attempting to stop the development of nuclear weapons.
**~의 권고로
*20. ornamental
*20. decorative, beautifying, embellishing
**The Alhambra Palace in Spain is surrounded by ornamental gardens that enhance the palace’s beauty.
**장식용의
*21. regime
*21. government, administration, authorities
**A new regime took power after the successful military coup.
**정권, 체제
*22. acclaim
*22. praise, compliment, applaud
**Critics acclaimed the actress for her superb performance in the hit Broadway play.
**격찬하다
*22-1. reclaim
**되찾다
*22-2. declaim
**격렬하게 비난하다
*23. comprehensible
*23. understandable, apprehensible, knowable
**Experience taught Rachel that life could be predictable and comprehensible.
**이해할 수 있는
*24. disparity
*24. inequality, imbalance, disproportion
**The pay disparity between men and women has been slowly decreasing over time.
**차이, 불균형
*25. bold
*25. daring, brave, courageous
*25. vivid, bright
**Despite Nancy’s bold words, there was a cold terror in her eyes as she confronted the intruder.
**the painting’s bold color
**용감한
**선명한
*26. noteworthy
*26. important, notable, significant
**The Lumiere brothers were noteworthy pioneers in early film.
**주목할 만한
*27. spectacular
*27. magnificent, splendid, impressive
**Each room in the hotel had a spectacular view of the ocean.
**장관인, 눈부신
*28. extracted from
*28. taken out of, drawn out of
**The oils extracted from olives or sesame seeds have low smoke points.
**~에서 뽑아낸
*29. tantalize
*29. tempt
*Lotteries tantalize people with the prospect of getting rich quickly.
**애타게 하다
*30. allied
*30. related, linked, connected
**Depression and anxiety are two closely allied mental health issues.
**관련된
*31. authoritative
*31. official, authorized
**The science magazine will not publish an article unless it cites authoritative sources.
**권위 있는, 믿을 만한
*32. moral
*32. lesson, message, teaching
**Aesop’s fables generally contain an important moral in each story.
**교훈
*32-1. morale
*32-1. spirit, confidence
**사기, 의욕
*33. compatible
*33. consistent, congruous, consonant
**NGOs must make certain that the projects they fund are compatible with their core values.
**일치하는, 양립할 수 있는
*34. buildup
*34. accumulation
**The buildup of cholesterol in the body can lead to high blood pressure.
**축적
*35. stress
*35. emphasize, highlight, underline
*35. emphasis, accent
**All his life, Michael’s parents had stressed the importance of education.
**Hippocrates laid more stress upon the expected outcome of a disease than upon its diagnosis.
**강조하다
**중점, 강조
*36. respective
*36. particular, individual
**Each respective museum in the city specializes in a different art form or period.
**각각의, 개별적인
*37. peculiarity
*37. feature, characteristic, quality
**A need for privacy is a cultural peculiarity in Western society.
**(기이한) 특징, 특성
*38. rely upon
*38. depend upon, resort to
**Prosecutors must rely upon testimony when little physical evidence is available.
**~에 의존하다
*39. rapid
*39. fast, quick, speedy, swift
**Rapid environmental change can be a challenge to the survival of species.
**빠른
*40. saturate
*40. soak, drench, wet thoroughly
**Saturate the cloth in cleaning fluid before wiping down the windows.
**흠뻑 적시다
*41. constitution
*41. form, structure
*41. laws, charter
**In chemistry, compounds that have a similar constitution are called analogues.
**amend a constitution
**구성, 구조
**헌법
*42. efface
*42. wipe out, erase, expunge
**Victims of traumatic incidents often wish they could efface their memories of the event.
**지우다, 없애다
*43. manageable
*43. controllable, affordable, easy to handle
**Wild horses must go through substantial training before they become manageable.
**관리하기 쉬운
*44. approach
*44. come close, move toward, come toward, near, reach
*44. method, way
**Parents should teach their children what to do when a stranger approaches.
**In the world of mass production, Henry Ford’s approach became the industry standard for many years.
**접근하다
**접근법
*45. routinely
*45. commonly, regularly, habitually
**Mr. Smith routinely forgot to turn off the lights when he went out.
**일상적으로
*46. adapt
*46. adjust, acclimate, conform
**Vicky adapted to the new school quite easily.
**적응하다
*47. implication
*47. consequence, result
*47. inference, intimation
**The program has been designed to teach prisoners the implications of bad behavior.
**an implication about the future
**결과
**암시, 함축
*48. unambiguous
*48. clear, distinct, definite
**John’s attitude about lying was unambiguous-he insisted upon the truth at all times.
**분명한
*49. rigor
*49. harshness, strictness, rigidness
*49. hardship, adversity
**A strict ruler, Romen emperor Septimius Severus applied the law with rigor.
**Soldiers are often traumatized by the rigors of war.
**엄격함
**고초, 어려움
*50. contentious
*50. disputed, controversial, argumentative
**The death penalty is a contentious issue for many people today.
**논쟁을 불러일으키는
*51. competent
*51. adept, skilled, capable
*51. sufficient, adequate
**A competent accountant can help a company minimize its tax burden.
**competent skills for the job
**유능한
**충분한
*52. incredible
*52. unbelievable, inconceivable, unimaginable
**Larry’s claim that he could run a mile in under three ninutes was incredible.
**믿기 힘든
*53. string
*53. series, chain
**Michael Jackson had a string of hit albums in the 1980s.
**일련
*54. decompose
*54. decay. rot
**Fallen leaves slowly decompose and enrich the soil on the forest floor.
**부패하다
*55. lateral
*55. side
**The X-rays provided front and lateral views of the brain.
**측면의
day 17
*1. prolonged
*1. lengthy, extended, protracted
**People exposed to loud noise for a prolonged period of time may suffer hearing loss.
**오래 계속되는
*2. relative
*2. comparable
**The church offered relative peace and quiet in the chaotic city.
**상대적인(comparable significance of each philosopher)
*3. ultimate
*3. eventual, final, supreme
*3. fundamental, basic, primary
**The ultimate objective of Hinkley’s research is to expand the Earth’s natural resources.
**According to economists, an increase in the money supply is the ultimate cause of inflation.
**최종의, 궁극적인
**근본적인
*4. brittle
*4. easily broken, breakable, fragile
**The old woman’s bones were so brittle that her leg broke when she slipped on ice.
**부러지기 쉬운, 깨지기 쉬운
*5. pioneer
*5. leader, founder
*5. first develop, (first) start, first use, introduce
**Steve Jobs was a technology pioneer who revolutionized the computer industry.
**Alexander Graham Bell pioneered telecommunications.
**선구자
**개척하다
*6. heritage
*6. inheritance, legacy, tradition
**Museums are an important means by which a country can conserve its cultural heritage.
**유산, 전통
*7. impetus
*7. motivation, stimulus, spur, impulse
**Einstein’s work provided the impetus for a major shif in the study of physics.
**자극
*7-1. impetuous
*7-1. hasty, rash
**성급한
*8. threshold
*8. limit, margin
**Due to the heavy rain, the dam reached its threshold for water containment and broke.
**한계점, 기준점
*9. intensify
*9. reinforce, strengthen, enhance
**Free trade agreements are designed to intensify economic ties between member countries.
**강화하다
*10. orchestrate
*10. coordinate, organize
**The military leaders orchestrated a scheme that overthrew the democratically elected government.
**조직하다
*11. hamper
*11. obstruct, impede, hinder, restrict, prevent
**Waterfalls hamper the progress of salmon as they migrate upstreme.
**방해하다
*12. inhospitable
*12. unfavorable, unfriendly
*12. not suitable, uninhabitable
**The inhospitable tribe never welcomed any outsiders into its vilage.
**A fever in the body creates an inhospitable environment for bacteria so that they cannot replicate.
**불친절한
**살기에 부적절한
*13. roughly
*13. approximately, nearly, about
**The US ahs spent roughly $2 billion a year on AIDS-related issues since 1989.
**대략
*14. prevalent
*14. common, general, widespread
**The most prevalent diseases of our times are related to modern lifestyle.
**일번적인, 널리 퍼진
*15. orientation
*15. perspective, inclination, disposition
*15. introduction, induction
**Researchers have discovered that most people prefer friends with a smilar political orientation.
**First-year students attend an orientation at the school to learn about rules and procedures.
**성향, 경향
**오리엔테이션
*15-1. orient
*15-1. adjust, adapt
**적응하다
**지향하게 하다
*16. converge
*16. come together, meet, move closer, gather
**Curious onlookers began to converge at the scene of the crime.
**모이다
*17. inflate
*17. swell, bloat, expand, enlarge
**The hot-air balloon slowly inflated and took off.
**부풀다, 부풀리다
*18. terrain
*18. land, landscape, territory, area
**Under Diane’s direction, crew members will search the terrain for meteorites.
**지역, 지형
*19. critically
*19. fundamentally, decisively, crucially
**The first few years of a child’s development are critically important.
**결정적으로
*20. in earnest
*20. seriously, earnestly, solemnly
**The president spoke in earnest about the growing social problems.
**진지하게
*21. agile
*21. nimble, quick, active
**For such huge beasts, brown bears are amazingly agile and can easily chase down prey in open areas.
**민첩한(the river otter’s active movements)
*22. standstill
*22. complete stop, halt
**A labor strike can bring a company’s production to a standstill.
**정지, 멈춤
*23. persuasively
*23. covincingly, compellingly
**In sales, the ability to talk persuasively to customers is essential.
**설득력 있게
*24. miraculous
*24. amazing, astonishing, marvelous, unbelievable
**The child’s miraculous escape from the burning building was caught on camera.
**기적적인, 놀라운
*25. intangible
*25. nonmaterial, impalpable, incorporeal
**Particle physics is primarily concerned with intangible objects.
**무형의
*26. secure
*26. obtain, get, acquire, procure
*26. safe
*26. fasten, chain
**The manager approved Foster’s plan to secure necessary information.
**Online banking is secure, provided that a person’s password is never shared.
**secure the ship’s anchor
**확보하다
**안전한
**고정시키다
*27. subsist
*27. survive, endure, exist
**The shipwrecked sailors had to subsist on the few fish they could catch each day.
**생존하다
*28. undoubtedly
*28. certainly, definitely, without question
**Babe Ruth is undoubtedly one of the greatest baseball players of all time.
**확실히
*29. dispose of
*29. get rid of
**Area residents can dispose of their Chirstmas trees by dropping them off at the city’s recycling center.
**~을 처리하다
*30. archive
*30. official document, record
**In the past few decades, the government has converted many archives from paper to electronic form.
**공식 기록
*31. regenerate
*31. renew, revive, revitalize
**The public school system was regenerated by a dramatic increase in government funding.
**재건하다, 재생시키다
*32. mode
*32. method, form, fashion, style
**The North Americans showed a desire for an effective mode of transportation.
**방식, 형태(in an orderly fashion)
*33. commemorate
*33. celebrate, memorialize
**To commemorate the victory, Napoleon awarded everyone in his army a medal.
**기념하다
*34. imprecise
*34. inexact, inaccurate
**Predicting earthquakes is an imprecise science because of the limited data available.
**부정확한
*35. state
*35. indicate, specify, express
**A passport states a traveler’s name, birth date, and nationality.
**명시하다
*36. anticipate
*36. expect, foresee, predict, forecast
*36. await, look forward to
**Michelle did not prepare much for the exam, so she did not anticipate such an excellent result.
**anticipate the film’s release
**예상하다
**고대하다, 기대하다
*37. henceforth
*37. from now on, hereafter
**The court ruled that the company is henceforth required to offer health insurance to its employees.
**지금부터는
*38. transparent
*38. clear, obvious, lucid, limpid
**The conglomerate maeks its financial records as transparent as possible.
**투명한, 명백한
*39. prominence
*39. importance, greatness
**The right to equal pay began gaining prominence in the US in 1942.
**중요성
*40. incorporate
*40. include, combine, integrate
**Louise traced how Americans incorporate nature into their urban and suburban lives.
**통합하다
*41. meticulous
*41. careful, thorough, precise
**A meticulous doctor checks the patient’s medical recodrs for allergies before prescribing medicine.
**꼼꼼한
*42. dismantle
*42. take apart, disassemble, break down
**Before they could transport the bed, the movers had to dismental its huge wooden frame.
**분해하다
*43. lavish
*43. rich, deluxe, luxurious
*43. shower, heap
**Under the Christmas tree were lavish gifts, which were donated by local charities, for all of the children.
**lavish praise on the actors
**풍부한, 호화로운
**아낌없이 주다
*44. dynamic
*44. active, energetic, vigorous, robust
*44. energy, power, driving force
**The Ugros is a dynamic folk dance from Hungary that features jumping couples.
**The dynamic of a team is determined by the relationship between the coach and players.
**역동적인
**원동력, 힘
*45. overlook
*45. miss, fail to notice
**Economists tend to overloook factors that cannot be easily quantified.
**간과하다
*46. dormant
*46. inactive, torpid
**In many horror movies, a monster lies dormant until roused by a careless human.
**활동하지 않는, 휴면 중인
*47. exempt
*47. free, immune, not subject to, excused
**Single people who earn less than $10,000 per year are exempt from paying income taxes.
**면제된
*48. as a whole
*48. generally, overall, all together, by and large
**Viewed as a whole, the thirteen original US colonies had a population of 2.4 million.
**전체적으로
*49. rather
*49. instead
*49. somewhat, slightly
**The rain did not stop, Rather, it became stronger.
**Lucas’s plan to open a cafe near the university is rather interesting.
**오히려
**좀, 약간
*50. justify
*50. support, prove, give a rational basis of
**The debate club taught its members how to justify their opinions with logic and facts.
**옹호하다, (정당성을) 증명하다
*50-1. justification
*50-1. excuse, explanation
**변명, 정당화
*51. chaotic
*51. disorganized, disordered, anarchic
**Kindergarten classes can become chaotic if children are not constantly engaged in some form of activity.
**무질서한
*52. commence
*52. begin, start, originate, initiate
**The film festival commenced on Saturday morning and lasted until Sunday night.
**시작하다
*53. improvised
*53. unplanned, unprepared, unrehearsed
**Some comedians do not prepare jokes in advance and instead give improvised performances.
**즉흥의
*54. stem from
*54. originate from, derive from, arise from
**The rise in fuel prices stemmed from the energy crisis of the 1970s.
**~에서 유래하다
*55. judiciously
*55. wisely, sensibly, prudently
**Good rulers judiciously use their power instead of abusing it.
**현명하게, 분별있게
*56. tolerate
*56. accept, allow, permit
**The manager stated that inappropriate behavior in the workplace would not be tolerated.
**용인하다, 허용하다
day 16
*1. subsequently
*1. later, afterward
**Taylor said he was a wealthy aristocrat, but this subsequently proved to be false.
**그 후에
*2. explicit
*2. clear, specific, obvious, unambiguous, definite
**The secretary was given explicit instructions not to give callers the manager’s private phone number.
**분명한
*2-1. elicit
*2-1. bring out, call forth
**(반응 등을)끌어내다
*3. prevailing
*3. dominant, widespread, current, existing
**There is prevailing opinion among experts that housing prices will continue to rise.
**(의견 등이) 지배적인
*4. rudimentary
*4. basic, elementary, fundamental
*4. primitive, undeveloped
**Joy has only a rudimentary understanding of art.
**In its rudimentary form, basketball was played using woeven baskets and a soccer ball.
**기본적인, 기초의
**미발달의
*5. allude to
*5. suggest, refer to, imply, indicate
**In his speech, the president alluded to his span to provide a free college education to all citizens.
**~을 넌지시 언급하다
*6. assertive
*6. forceful, dogmatic
**Assertive people are used to getting what they want.
**자기주장이 강한, 독단적인
*7. fuse
*7. melt, dissolve
*7. combine, merge
**The fire was so hot that it caused the tires on the car to fuse.
**Humans are born with 300 bones, some of which fuse over time, resulting in 206 bones in an adult body.
**녹다, 녹이다
**융합하다
*7-1. diffuse
**퍼뜨리다, 분산시키다
*7-2. infuse
**불어넣다, 주입히다
*8. transitory
*8. short-lived, brief, ephemeral, fleeting
**There was a storm his morning, but it was transitory.
**일시적인
*9. inviolable
*9. without exception, allowing no exception, sacred
**Each citizen’s right to vote is based on a law that is inviolable within a democracy.
**(법 등이) 어길 수 없는, 신성한
*10. supersede
*10. replace, displace, supplant, substitute
**The amended trade agreement between Egypt and Israel supersedes the previous version.
**대신하다
*11. abundant
*11. plentiful, bountiful, ample, numerous
**Plants are extremely abundant on the east coast of North America.
**풍부한
*12. significant
*12. considerable, substantial, serious, important, essential
**The Dolphin-Safe campaign brought a significant change to the tuna industry.
**상당한, 중요한
*13. elaboration
*13. development, improvement
**The continual elaboration of new ideas is essential for scientific progress.
**공들여 다듬기, 이론의 전개
*14. pristine
*14. unspoiled, pure, untouched
**Industrial wates from the factory polluted the once pristine river.
**자연 그대로의, 오염되지 않은
*15. steadily
*15. consistently, continuously, constantly, at an unvarying rate
**Lawn and garden chemical usage has been dropping steadily for the last two decades.
**끊임없이
*16. hence
*16. therefore, consequently, thus
**The eggs were fresh and hence the chef used then to prepare an omelet.
**따라서, 그러므로
*17. fabricate
*17. make, produce, build
*17. forge, fake
**New nanotechnology tools are allowing engineers to fabricate very thin, two-dimensional materials.
**fabricate the signature
**만들어 내다
**날조하다, 꾸며내다
*18. meet
*18. deal with, handle
**President Lincoln had to meet the challenge of a national civil war.
**(문제, 위기에) 대처하다
*19. devour
*19. eat, consume, gulp, gobble
**The man were so hungry after work that they each devoured three platefuls of food.
**게걸스럽게 먹다
*20. amiss
*20. wrong, errorneous, faulty
**Something went amiss during the flight, and the helicopter crashed into the sea.
**잘못된
*21. figure out
*21. determine, calculate, work out
**Archaelogists figured out that the skeleton was over a thousand years old.
**알아내다
*22. augment
*22. supplement
**The donated sculptures augmented the museum’s fine collection of modern art.
**증가시키다
*23. trespass
*23. invade, encroach, infringe
**Tom and Sally were trespassing on privately owned land.
**불법 침입하다
*24. deduce
*24. conclude, infer, derive
**The mechanic deduced that the car’s problem was due to a damaged brake pad.
**추론하다
*24-1. deduction
*24-1. reduction, cut
**삭감, 공제
*25. quantify
*25. measure
**An IQ test is a common way to quantify people’s intelligence.
**양을 재다, 측정하다
*26. aggregation
*26. group, body, assemblage
**An aggregation of people have lined up to purchase the latest mobile phone.
**집단
*27. lax
*27. careless, neglectful, negligent
**According to the article, the disaster at the nuclear power plant resulted from lax management.
**태만한
*28. pace
*28. speed, rate, tempo
**The pace of the car slowed as road conditions worsened.
**속도
*29. inspect
*29. examine, scan, check
**Customs officials inspect travelers’ luggange for any banned items.
**검사하다
*30. keen
*30. sharp, acute
*30. eager, earnest
**Samurai swords are well known for their durability and keen edge.
**a class of keen learner
**예리한
**열렬한
*31. abandon
*31. desert, give up, forsake, relinquish
**The passengers abandoned the Titanic approsimately one hour after it collided with an iceberg.
**버리다, 포기하다
*32. prowess
*32. ability, competence, expertise
**Lions are skilled predators that are faous for their hunting prowess.
**뛰어난 솜씨
*33. anyone can see
*33. it is clear, it is apparent
**The bridge was severly damaged, so anyone could see that is was unsafe.
**누가 봐도 알 수 있듯이
*34. coarse
*34. rough, crude
**Alligator skin is extremely tough and has a coarse, dry texture.
**거친
*35. impervious
*35. impermeable, resistant, impenetrable
**The new police vest is claimed to be impervious to bullets.
**통과할 수 없는
*36. moderate
*36. lessen, diminish
*36. gentle, temperate, mild
**After the rain moderated, the floods in the area quickly disappeared.
**The golden retriever’s moderate nature makes it an ideal dog for families with children.
**누그러지다
**온건한, 온화한
*36-1. modulate
*36-1. adjust, regulate
**조절하다
*37. stagnant
*37. inactive, sluggish
**Maintaining friendships is important since a stagnant social life can contribute to depression.
**활발하지 않은
*38. drive
*38. propel, force, push, impel, compel
*38. ambition
*38. campaign, effort
**The scandal drove the prime minister to resign.
**According to many CEOs, the drive to succeed is more important than knowledge or skills.
**The organization’s nationwide drive to raise funds for cancer research was unprecedentedly successful.
**몰아가다
**추진력, 진취성
**(조직적인) 운동(the peace effort)
*39. anxiety
*39. worry, angst, uneasiness
**Finances are among the leading causes of anxiety in today’s society.
**걱정, 불안
*40. allegedly
*40. supposedly, reportedly
**Native Americans allegedly came to America from Asia thousands of years ago.
**전해지는 바에 의하면
*41. utilize
*41. employ, use, make use of
**In the future, every house may be equipped with a heating system that utilizes solar energy.
**이용하다
*42. differential
*42. uneven, discriminatory
**Psychologists agree that parents should avoid differential treatment toward their children.
**차별적인
*43. maintain
*43. preserve, continue, sustain, keep
*43. claim, assert, contend
**J.K. Rowling has maintained a private life despite the media attention she has received.
**Some refugees maintain that their present situation is worse than before.
**유지하다
**주장하다
*44. jointly
*44. together, in conjunction with, as one
**A study conducted jointly by researchers from two universities confirmed the finding.
**함께, 공동으로
*44-1. joint
*44-1. mutual, collective
**공동의
*45. catastrophic
*45. disatrous, harmful, tragic, calamitous
**The attack on Pearl Harbor was a catastrophic event in American history.
**비극적인, 파멸의
*46. aridity
*46. dryness, waterlessness
**The extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert is due to its geographical location between two high mountain chains.
**건조함
*47. paradoxically
*47. contradictorily, surprisingly
**Paradoxically, studying late the night before an exam can result in a lower score.
**역설적으로
*48. archetypal
*48. ideal, classic, exemplary
**Shakespeare’s Hamlet is considered the archetypal revenge tragedy.
**전형적인
*49. purposely
*49. intentionally, deliberately, knowingly
**The computer ntework was purposely shut down to prevent the spread of a virus.
**고의로
*50. collision
*50. crash, smash
**Lowering the speed limit has been proven to reduce the number of vihicle collisions.
**충돌
*51. implant
*51. insert, embed
**Doctors implanted the medical device in the patient’s body.
**심다, 끼워넣다.
*52. standpoint
*52. perspective, point of view
**From the coach’s standpoint it looked like a touchdown, but the referee saw it differently.
**관점, 견해
*53. cue
*53. signal, sign
**The sound of the first whistle was a cue that the game was about to begin.
**신호
*54. trappings
*54. decoration, ornament, adornment
**While some Greek vases were created with designs, others were made without trappings.
**장식, 장신구
*55. spawn
*55. give rise to, create, produce
*55. offspring
**The popularity of the first tablet spawned a large number of imitations.
**deposit their spawn
**야기하다
**알, 갓 부화한 새끼
*56. outbreak
*56. sudden increase, upsurge
**The outbreak of violence in the war-torn region was covered by the media.
**급격한 증가, (질병 등의) 창궐
day 15
*1. intact
*1. undamaged, unbroken, whole, complete, unaffected
**The machine remained intact despite the explosion.
**손상되지 않은
*2. albeit
*2. although, though, even though
**Many developing economics are growing steadily, albeit slowly.
**비로 ~이지만
*3. complex
*3. intricate, complicated, elaborate, involved
*3. group of buildings, system
**Biologists seek to understand how complex species evolved from simpler ones.
**A new shopping complext is being built in town.
**복잡한(an involved story)
**복합 건물, 복합체
*4. conventional
*4. traditional, customary, standard, usual
**In ancient times, conventional farming practices included the use of organic fertilizer.
**전통적인, 통례의
*5. reasonable
*5. sensible, rational, logical
*5. sufficient
**It seems reasonable to be tough on habitual criminals.
**The quality of the restaurant’s food is reasonable considering the low prices.
**합리적인
**(가격이) 적당한
*6. attainment
*6. achievement, accomplishment, fulfillment
**It takes many years of practice to reach that level of attainment in chess.
**성취
*7. progressively
*7. increasingly
**The government must clean up the air by setting progressively tighter pollution limits on power plants.
**점진적으로
*8. drawback
*8. disadvantage, problem, defect, shortcoming
**One drawback of the book is that it does not contain any English translations.
**결점
*8-1. setback
**방해, 좌절
*8-2. cutback
**삭감
*9. suppress
*9. hold back, restrain
*9. stop by force
**Jonas was unable to suppress his anger.
**Hundreds of troops were sent to suppress the rebellion.
**억제하다, 참다
**진입하다
*10. incidentally
*10. by the way
**Nathan is on vacation today; incidentally, he’ll be gone all week.
**덧붙여 말하자면, 그런데
*11. tactic
*11. strategy, maneuver
**Prohibitionists achieved their goals because of their group tactics.
**전략
*11-1. tacit
*11-1. implicit, implied
**무언의
*12. substantial
*12. large, considerable, significant, noticeable
**A substantial number of adults become single parents as a result of divorce.
**상당한
*13. verify
*13. confirm, establish the truth of, validate
**The Hubble Space Telescope helped scientists verify the existence of black holes.
**입증하다
*14. sustained
*14. constant, continued, uninterrupted, prolonged
**Running a marathon requires sustained physical activity and great endurance.
**지속적인
*15. radical
*15. fundamental, basic
*15. extreme, drastic
**The president promised to make radical changes to the country’s health care system.
**Radical social change came about when a revolutionary consciousness was developed.
**근본적인
**극단적인, 과격한
*16. prime
*16. peak, high-quality, superior, main
**The prime time for bird watching is early morning, when there are few people to disturb the wildlife.
**최고의, 주요한
*17. grasp
*17. understand, catch, comprehend, apprehend
*17. grip, seize
**Only a few students could grasp Professor Benton’s physics lecture.
**grasp the handle tightly
**이해하다
**꽉 잡다
*18. prominently
*18. very noticeably, conspicuously, notably
**Economic issues are expected to figure prominently in the upcoming election.
**눈에 띄게
*19. precipitate
*19. bring about, cause, give rise to, trigger
**The protest by the labor union precipitated changes in the company’s policies.
**재촉하다, 촉진하다
*20. interlock
*20. link, connect, join
**According to the theory of continental drift, the Himalayas were formed when two large land masses interlocked.
**서로 맞물리다
*21. accordingly
*21. consequently, for that reason
**Sam was told to speak briefly; accordingly, he shortened his speech.
**그에 따라서
*22. relevant
*22. applicable, pertinent, germane
**During the investigation, the committee looked at all relevant facts in the case.
**관련된, 적절한
*23. remarkably
*23. surprisingly
**The sky was full of very dark clouds, but remarkably it did not rain.
**신기하게도
*24. disputable
*24. challengeable, debatable, arguable
**The scientist’s claim was controversial because it was based on disputable evidence.
**논란의 여지가 있는
*25. ambitious
*25. desiring success, aspiring
**As a military leader who conquered a huge portion of the ancient world, Alexander the Great was highly ambitious.
**야심 있는
*26. congeal
*26. solidify, harden, stiffen, condense
**Once the chef took the meat out of the oven, it began to cool down and a layer of fat congealed over it.
**굳다, 응고하다
*26-1. conceal
*26-1. hide, cover
**숨기다, 감추다
*27. cautious
*27. carefule, wary, prudent, discreet
**The hikers chose a cautious approach in the unfamiliar territory.
**신중한, 조심성이 있는
*28. realm
*28. area, field, sphere, domain
**The microscope allowed for many new discoveries in the realm of biology.
**영역, 범위
*29. dam
*29. block, obstruct
**To construct their shelters, beavers dam strems with pieces of wood they have collected.
**(둑으로) 막다
*30. flattery
*30. praise
**Mike often uses flattery to get his boss’s attention.
**아첨
*31. amplify
*31. increase, magnify, enlarge, expand
**Scientific farming can amplify the production of wheat.
**확대하다, 증대하다
*32. dimension
*32. size, magnitude
**Lucy should accurately measure the dimensions of her office before ordering a desk.
**크기, 규모
*33. deplete
*33. exhaust, empty, use up, reduce
**The family depleted their savings to renovate the house they bought recently.
**다 써버리다, 대폭 감소시키다(exhaust fossil fuels)
*34. characteristic
*34. distinctive, peculiar, special
*34. quality, feature, trait
**The ostrich’s characteristic size and speed set it apart from other birds.
**Freedom of expression is a fundamental characteristic of democracy.
**특유의
**특징, 특성
*35. ice sheet
*35. glacier
**Fjords are coastal landforms formed millions of years ago by massive ice sheets.
**대륙 빙하
*36. spectator
*36. viewer, onlooker
**The tennis match attracted over 30,000 spectators.
**관객, 구경꾼
*37. bountifully
*37. abundantly, copiously, plentifully, exuberantly
**In mountain meadows, wildflowers bloom bountifully in the spring.
**풍부하게
*38. suffer paralysis
*38. lose the ability to move
**People who have serious neck injuries may suffer paralysis as a result.
**마비를 겪다
*39. variation
*39. variance, fluctuation, difference
**In Canada, the variation in temperature between the summer and winter is dramatic.
**변동, 차이
*40. periphery
*40. edge, boundary, border, fringe
**The outer periphery of a hurricane is generally made up of rainbands.
**주변
*41. apparently
*41. seemingly, ostensibly, outwardly
*41. evidently, clearly
**The book Jeff purchased at the used bookstore had yellow pages, so it was apparently old.
**apparently damaged
**외관상으로는
**명백히
*42. far-reaching
*42. extensive, widespread, board
**If a large meteor hit the Earth, it would have far-reaching consequences for all organisms.
**광범위한
*43. embody
*43. incarnate, represent, manifest
*43. contain, incorporate
**Literature often embodies the social ideals of either the author or the author’s culture.
**The composition embedied several musical styles, including jazz, funk, and reggae.
**구체적으로 나타내다
**포함하다
*44. evade
*44. escape, avoid, elude, dodge, shun
**Camouflage is one technique animals use to evade predators.
**피하다
*45. against
*45. next to, beside
**In some European cities, modern buildings were built directly against Medieval walls.
**~에 붙여, ~에 가까이
*46. due to
*46. caused by, owing to, attributable to
**Falling real estate prices due to decreased demand is a cause for concern.
**~로 인한, ~에 기인하는
*47. classify
*47. categorize, arrange, assort
**It is the job of scientists to classify all living organisms into groups that can b applied universally.
**분류하다
*48. ablige
*48. force, require, compel
*48. assist, benefit
**Roman emperrors obliged their subjects to pay taxes, and those who refused were punished severely.
**oblige the police with information
**강요하다
**돕다, 베풀다
*49. identical
*49. same, indistinguishable, equal
**These two laptops are identical in size and weight, but they have different processing power.
**동일한
*50. intimately
*50. closely
**Friends who spend a lot of time together often get to know each other intimately.
**친밀하게
*51. questionable
*51. doubtful, suspicious, dubious
**The report’s conclusions are questionable because the sample used was very small.
**의심스러운
*52. spot
*52. detect, see, find
*52. place, site
**Almost instinctively, Luis spotted the lack of conviction in Ellen’s tone.
**a popular spot for coffee
**발견하다
**장소
*53. immerse
*53. cover, plunge, dip
**Temporary spring lakes from in the valleys after the mountain snow melts and immverses everything in water.
**(물에) 잠그다, 담그다
*54. not in consensus with
*54. not in agreement with
**Residents of the city are not in consensus with the mayor about his plan to close the park.
**(의견이) ~와 일치하지 않는
*55. be tempted to
*55. be inclined to
**Sarah was tempted to buy the car when she saw the low price.
**~하고 싶어지다
*56. inception
*56. beginning
**Since its inception, the anti-smoking campaign has raised a lot of money.
**시작, 개시
day 14
*1. lethal
*1. deadly, dangerous, fatal, pernicious
**The black mamba is one of the world’s most lethal snakes.
**치명적인
*2. modest
*2. small, not large, limited, simple
*2. humble, unpretentious
**The apartment Janet lives in is a modest one, but it satisfies her needs.
**a modest personality
**그리 크지 않은, 수수한
**겸손한
*3. component
*3. element, constituent, ingredient, part, factor
**Nitrogen is one of the major components of the air humans breathe.
**구성요소
*4. exploitation
*4. use, abuse, misuse
**The Keating-Owen Act of 1916 was an early attempt to address the exploitation of child labor.
**이용, 착취
*5. relic
*5. remains, remnant, vestige
**In the jungle, archaeologists uncovered pottery and other relics from an ancient civilization.
**유물, 나머지
*6. profoundly
*5. deeply, completely, strongly
**The death of the popular king profoundly affected the emotions of his subjects.
**깊이, 대단히
*7. deflect
*7. change the direction of, divert
**When man-made disasters occur, governments try to deflect the blame.
**방향을 바꾸다
*8. highlight
*8. emphasize, stress, underline, accent
**The burgalary highlighted the company’s need to upgrade his break through hard rock.
**강조하다
*9. exert
*9. apply, exercise, employ, put forth, wield
**Orl drills exert a tremendous amount of force and can easily break through hard rock.
**가하다, 행사하다
*9-1. exertion
*9-1. effort, strain
**노력
*10. potential
*10. possible, prospective, latent
*10. possibility
**Chameleons change color to blend into the background when they detect a potential predator nearby.
**The potential for lightning to strike the same location twice is small.
**잠재적인
**가능성
*11. recurring
*11. repeated, recurrent
**Darcy had to see a therapist because he kept having recurring nightmares about drowning.
**되풀이되는
*12. meager
*12. scanty, scarce, very low, deficient
**Lincoln’s meager education aroused his desire to learn.
**불충분한
*13. prevail
*13. be dominant, dominate, bewidespread, be prevalent
*13. triumph
**In Alaska’s cold and harsh climate, evergreen trees such as spruce prevail
**The young candidate unexpectedly prevailed in the mayoral election.
**널리 퍼지다, 반연하다
**이기다
*14. exclusively
*14. solely, only, entirely, totally
**The St. Patrick’s Day party was an exclusively Irish affair.
**오로지, 전적으로
*15. consensus
*15. agreement, consent
**After a long meeting, the two sides were finally able to reach a consensus.
**합의
*16. now and then
*16. occasionally, from time to time, at times
**Nicholas rarely eats meat, but he eats seafood now and then.
**가끔
*17. discrete
*17. separate, distinct, individual
**Researchers have found that many newly married couples keep their money in discrete accounts.
**별개의
*17-1. discreet
*17-1. careful, cautious
**조심스러운
*18. anchor
*18. hold in place, secure, fasten
**The panel was firmly anchored by two large bolts.
**고정시키다
*19. improbable
*19. unlikely, implausible, doubtful
**Wining the lottery is highly improbable.
**있음직하지 않은
*20. pragmatic
*20. practical, utilitarian
**The politician promised to take a pragmatic approach to governance rather than strictly follow his party’s ideology.
**실용적인
*21. undisputed
*21. acknowledged, accepted, recognized
**Sir Isaac Newton is the undisputed father of modern optics.
**모두가 인정하는
*22. allocation
*22. distribution, assignment, allotment
**The allocation of funds is a challenge for any government.
**할당, 배분
*23. inconclusive
*23. not definitive, indecisive
**Doctors ordered a second test since the results of the first test were inconclusive.
**결정적이지 않은
*24. withstand
*24. endure, resists, sustain
**His mother doesn’t think Bill is capable of withstanding hardship for long.
**견디다(resist the temptation)
*25. cornerstone
*25. foundation, basic element, basis, underpining
**The cornerstone of a healthy relationship is honest communication.
**토대, 기초
*26. marvelous
*26. wonderful, astonishing, amazing
**It’s really marvelous what modern medicine can do to relieve the pain of patients.
**놀라운
*26-1. marvel
*26-1. be amazed, admire
**놀라다, 경탄하다
*27. clue
*27. information, indication, evidence, trace, sign
**Because the painting was not signed, experts originally had no clue about who painted it.
**단지, 증거
*28. unintentionally
*28. inadvertently, accidentally, unconsciously
**Helen expressed her regret to Tommy even though she had damaged his car unintentionally.
**의도치 않게
*29. peak
*29. height, pinnacle, summit, maximum
**The flue season is expected to reach its peak in late January.
**정점, 절정
*30. continual
*30. constant, incessant, ceaseless
**Doris finally got a refund for the faulty microwave after making continual complaints.
**끊임 없는
*31. thorough
*31. complete, exhaustive, intensive
**A through proofreading is done on each issue of the magazine before it is sent to the printers.
**철저한
*32. accurate
*32. precise, correct, exact, true
**The movie was praised for giving an accurate depiction of what happens in a war.
**정확한
*33. mobilize
*33. put into action, deploy
**To prepare for any possible hostilities to come, the military was mobilized.
**동원하다
*33-1. mobile
*33-1. movable, portable
**이동할 수 있는
*34. given that
*34. accepting that, considering that
**Given that dogs are descendants of wolves, it is not surprising that they look similar.
**~을 고려하면
*35. cargo
*35. shipment, load, freight, burden
**The sailors unoladed the cargo from the ship
**화물, 짐
*36. solitary
*36. isolated, secluded, remote, alone, lonely
**The neighborhood kids made it a Halloween tradition to visit the solitary house on the hill.
**외딴, 외로운
*37. slightly
*37. a little, somewhat, a bit
**This year’s bar exam was slightly harder than the one last year.
**약간
*38. deliberately
*38. intentionally, consciously, on purpose
**The teacher deliberately used simple terms to explain the complex concept to the students.
**일부러
*39. unthinkable
*39. inconceivable, unimaginable
**It seems unthinkable that people once worked and studied without using the Internet.
**상상도 할 수 없는
*40. coinage
*40. creation, innovation
**The online community has added several coinages to the English language.
**신조어
*41. obligation
*41. responsibility, duty, liability
**In Israel, it is the obligation of all citizens to serve in the military.
**의무, 책임
*42. reconcile
*42. bring together, reunite
**The international mediator attempted to reconcile the two countries.
**화해시키다
*43. severe
*43. harsh, extreme, rigorous, strict
**The schoolmaster firmly believed in severe disciplinary measures.
**엄한, 가혹한
*43-1. sever
*43-1. cut, separate
**절단하다, 분리하다
*44. foremost
*44. most respected, most important, preeminent, supreme
**Colin Powell is considered by many to be the foremost African-American government official in US history.
**으뜸가는
*45. surge
*45. increase, rise, wax
**After the country hosted its first World Cup, interest in soccer among the local population surged.
**급증하다
*46. hasten
*46. accelerate, rush, hurry, speed up
**The Great Depression hastened the development of social services, such as social security.
**재촉하다
*47. tentatively
*47. without certainty, uncertainly, hesitantly
**Jack often speaks tentatively in meetings because he lacks confidence.
**머뭇거리며
*48. scorn
*48. ridicule, disdain, sneer, despise
**Henry was tired of being scorned by his classmates because of his height.
**비웃다, 경멸하다
*49. throughout
*49. during every part of, during the whole of
**The amusement park is open throughout the year, even in the winter.
**~동안, 내내
*50. pitfall
*50. difficulty, trouble
**A sudden downturn in the stock market is one of the pitfalls of investing.
**위험, 어려움
*50-1. befall
**(나쁜일이) 생기다
*50-2. downfall
**몰락
*51. coupled with
*51. together with, combined with
**A lack of exercise coupled with a high-calorie diet can lead to obesity.
**~과 결합된
*52. huge
*52. enormous, large, massive, mammoth, gigantic
**The French owned a huge amount of land in the western part of the US during the 18th century.
**거대한
*53. span
*53. duration, period, length
*53. extend across, cover, cross
**The paper briefly summarizes the vast problems during the war’s eleven-year span.
**The Golden Gate Bridge spans a mile-wied strait that connects San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean.
**기간
**걸치다
*54. hollow
*54. empty, vacant, void, unfilled
**Oil tankers are large ships that have hollow containers which can be filled with petroleum for transport.
**속이 빈
*54-1. hallow
*54-1. sanctify, revere
**신성하게 하다, 숭배하다
*55. appreciable
*55. significant, noticeable, considerable
**In some Amazonian villages, there is no appreciable difference between modern and ancient lifestyles.
**주목할 만한
*56. shield
*56. protect, defend, safeguard
**Lisa brings an umbrella to shield herself from the hot sum during the summer months.
**보호하다
*57. spearhead
*57. lead, lead the way, head
**Nelson Mandela spearheaded South Africa’s struggle for independence.
**앞장서다
*58. methodically
*58. systematically
**Astronomers methodically count the number of sunspots that occur each year.
**체계적으로
*59. manage to
*59. be able to
**With a lot of effort, the team managed to win the championship game.
**간신히 ~하다
day 13
*1. merely
*1. simply, only, no more than, just, purely
**The man merely wanted to buy a bottle of water, but the store was already closed.
**단지
*2. decimate
*2. destroy, eliminate, wipe out, demolish, devastate
**The Black Plague decimated the population in Europe.
**죽이다
*3. incentive
*3. motivation, motive, encouragement, inducement
**The prize for first place was a new car, so contestants had a large incentive to win.
**동기, 자극
*3-1. inceptive
*3-1. initial, first
**처음의
*4. retrieve
*4. bring back, get back, recover, obtain, regain
**The police officers retrieved the stolen money from the thief’s hiding place.
**되찾다
*5. compress
*5. condense, compact, contract, crush
**The machine compresses old cars into blocks of scrap metal.
**압축하다
*6. designate
*6. indicate, identify, specify, define
**The statue designates where the famous speech took place.
**명시하다
*7. dissemination
*7. spread, distribution, diffusion
**The dissemination of scientific knowledge changed human society.
**보급, 유포
*8. marked
*8. noticeable, considerable, prominent, discernible
**Mental illness can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms are not always marked.
**두드러진, 현저한
*9. hypothetical
*9. supposed, imaginary
**Physicists accdept the existence of hypothetical particles in space to make their theories plausible.
**가상의, 가정의
*10. flow
*10. stream, current, movement, motion
**After the accident was finally cleared by the tow truck, the flow of traffic improved.
**흐름, 이동
*10-1. flowing
*10-1. fluent
**유창한
*11. precise
*11. exact, accurate, definite
**The investigators will look into the precise details of the airplane crash.
**정확한
*12. stipulate
*12. require, demand, call for
**The contract stipulates that employees report to work at 9 a.m. from Monday to Friday.
**(조건으로서) 요구하다
*13. perspective
*13. point of view, viewpoint, orientation
**The data provides a fascinating new perspective on the pattern of industrial development.
**관점
*13-1. prospective
*13-1. potential, possible
**가망이 있는
*14. enhance
*14. improve, enrich, intensify
**The invention of the telegraph enhanced the speed of communication.
**향상시키다
*15. fundamental
*15. essential, basic, primary, elementary
**Math and science are fundamental subjects that every student must learn.
**근본적인, 기본적인
*16. evident
*16. clear, apparent, obvious, manifest
**The presence of cycles in history is evident when studying later Mesopotamia.
**분명한
*17. shift
*17. move, transfer, change, switch
**The chief executive decided to shift production to another factory.
**옮기다, 바꾸다
*18. unique among
*18. different from other
**Because of its ability to catch insects, the Venus flytrap is unique among plants.
**~중에서 유일무이한
*19. full-fledged
*19. well-developed, full-blown
**Tina started selling her art as a hobby, but it soon turned into a full-fledged business.
**완전히 발달한
*20. laborious
*20. difficult, strenuous
*20. industrious, dilligent
**It took Michelangelo four years of laborious painting to finish the Sistine Chapel Ceiling.
**a laborious workforce
**인내를 요하는, 힘든
**열심히 일하는
*21. emit
*21. give off, exhale, release, discharge, send out
**In the fireplace was a red-hot fire which emitted a small amount of smoke.
**내뿜다, 방출하다
*22. stunning
*22. amazing, impressive, breathtaking, spectacular
**The Hubble Space Telescope can capture stunning images of distant galaxies.
**놀랄만큼 멋진
*23. tantalizing
*23. tempting, enticing
*23. teasing
**Credit card information is a tantalizaing target for hackers and other cybercriminals.
**Although the food was not ready, the hungry guests could smell the tantalizaing aromas from the kitchen.
**흥미를 돋우는
**감질나는
*24. abandoned
*24. no longer occupied, deserted, vacant
**The abandoned site of Machu Picchu in Peru was rediscovered in 1911.
**버려진
*25. transmit
*25. convey, communicate, send
**Samuel Morse first transmitted a message by telegraph in 1844.
**전하다
*26. candidly
*26. honestly, frankly, plainly
**The author candidly answered the questions during the interview.
**솔직히
*27. compulsorily
*27. by requirement, obligatorily, mandatorily
**Texes are compulsorily paid to the government by all residents of a country.
**의무적으로
*28. aid
*28. assist, support, help, back
**For her volunteer work, Catherine aided elderly patients in a nursing home.
**돕다
*29. deliberation
*29. discussion, debate, conference
*29. consideration, reflection
**After a long deliberation, the jury announced its decision in the murder trial
**a thoughtful deliberation
**토의
**숙고
*30. preposterous
*30. unbelievable, absurd, nonsensical
**The once popular theroy regarding the existence of intelligent life on Mars now seems preposterous.
**터무니없는
*31. sparse
*31. scattered, thinly distributed
*31. scanty, meager, scarce, limited
**Houses are sparse throughout the desolate region.
**The sailor survived several weeks in a lifeboat with only sparse provisions.
**드문드문한
**부족한
*32. occasionally
*32. once in a while, now and then, sometimes
**The Kilauea vocano in Hawaii occasionally erupts and releases lava into the surrounding area.
**가끔
*33. inconceivable
*33. unthinkable, unimaginable
**Exploring outer space was once considered inconceivable.
**상상도 할 수 없는
*34. breeding
*34. reproduction, propagation
**The breeding of pandas in captivity is rare.
**번식
*35. overriding
*35. dominant, chief, principal
**Water quality is the overriding concern in many developing countries.
**가장 중요한
*35-1. override
*35-1. take precedence over
**우선하다
*36. favor
*36. prefer, lean toward
**Although many people enjoy the excitement of cities, some people favor the quite life of the country.
**더 좋아하다
*37. sediment
*37. remains, deposition
**As wine ages, sediment collects at the bottom of the bottle.
**침전물
*38. clever
*38. ingenious, smart, brilliant, bright
**Solar power is a clever solution to the problem of dwindling fossil fuel reserves.
**영리한
*39. consistently
*39. regularly, typically, unchangingly
**Hawks consistently return to the same place to breed year after year.
**일관되게
*40. rate
*40. judge, assess, evaluate
*40. ratio, proportion
**In the art contest, six different art teachers will rate the entries of the participants before choosing a winner.
**rate of traffic accident
**평가하다
**비율
*41. predominate
*41. outweigh, prevail
**Service-related companies now predominate in a town that was once know for its manufacturing companies.
**Reality shows have been the predominate format for TV shows in recent years.
**우세하다
**지배적인, 우세한
*42. realize
*42. be aware of, understand, catch on
*42. achieve, accomplish, fulfill
**Einstein realized that there were problems with Newton’s law of gravity.
**It often takes several years for new businesses to realize a profit.
**깨닫다, 이해하다
**달성하다, 실현하다
*43. circuitous
*43. indirect, roundabout
**The path up the mountain was circuitous and took five hours to hike.
**우회하는
*44. owing to
*44. due to, because of, as a result of
**The government had to introduce new economic reforms owing to the recession.
**~때문에
*45. model
*45. specimen, prototype, example
*45. exemplary
**Some tretments that have worked in the rat model have also been successful in humans.
**model behavior
**견본
**모범적인
*46. with respect to
*46. with regard to, in terms of, in reference to
**The Middle East plays an important role with respect to global energy security.
**~에 관하여
*47. continuous
*47. uninterrupted, ongoing, unceasing, consecutive
**The continuous noise from the construction site bothered the area’s residents.
**계속되는
*48. collaborate
*48. cooperate, put effort together, work together
**The high school collarborated with the public library to make the fair a great success.
**협력하다
*49. anonymous
*49. unknown, nunamed, unidentified, innominate
**Nancy was grateful to an anonymous reader for some helpful comments.
**익명의, 신원불명의
*50. somewhat
*50. to some degree, to some extent, rather
**The global unemployment rate has improved somewhat since the financial crisis.
**어느 정도
*51. damaging
*51. harmful, detrimental, noxious
**Skin cancer can result from the damaging effects of the sun.
**해로운
*52. dramatically
*52. greatly, substantially, remarkably
**John’s personality has changed dramatically over the past few years.
**극적으로, 몹시
*53. heighten
*53. increase, intensify
**Mandy’s vague excuse heightened her father’s anxiety.
**고조시키다
*54. share
*54. portion, part, allotment
**Bob’s roomate was constantly late with his share of the rent.
**몫
*55. shortly
*55. soon, presently
*55. curtly, abruptly
**Mr. Jones is currently out of the office because of a business lunch, but he will be back shortly.
**end a conversation shortly
**곧
**퉁명스럽게
*56. besides
*56. in addition, moreover
*56. apart from
**Tom has the most experience for the job. Besides, he is very charismatic.
**There was nothing in the safe besides a few old documents.
**게다가
**~외에
*57. seep
*57. ooze, flow slowly, pass through slowly
**The gas seeped throughout the entire building before anyone noticed the leaking valve.
**스며 나오다
*58. habit
*58. usual behavior, custom, practice
**Harry’s little sister has a habit of biting her fingernails.
**습관
day 12
*1. duration
*1. span, length, term
**Napoleon lived on the island of Elba for the duration of one year.
**(지속되는) 기간
*2. massive
*2. huge, enormous, very large, tremendous, colossal
**The company’s refusal to raise wages resulted in a massive strike.
**대규모의, 거대한
*3. feasible
*3. practicable, viable, possible, achievable, most likely
**After years of investment and research, commercial flights to outer space are now becoming feasible.
**실행 가능한
*4. vibrant
*4. active, vivacious, energertic
*4. vivid, bright, brilliant
**Honey bees communicate with one another through vibrant dances.
**Although anceint Romans statues usually appear white today, many of them were originally painted in vibrant colors.
**활기 넘치는
**선명한
*4-1. vibration
*4-1. tremor, quiver
**떨림, 진동
*5. accumulation
*5. buildup, collection, stock
**Over the years, the accumulation of garbage in the river has contaminated the water.
**축적
*6. link
*6. connection, bond, tie
*6. connect, relate, associate
**The politician severed all links with his party.
**Investigators had nothing to link the suspect to the crime.
**관계, 유대
**관련짓다
*7. informally
*7. commonly, casually
**The city of Paris is informally known as “The City of Light.”.
**비공식적으로
*8. sovereign
*8. master, monarch, ruler
**Traditionally, the sovereign of Great Britain lives in Buckingham Palace.
**군주
*9. key
*9. important, central, essential
*9. tone
*9. secret, clue
**Ambassadors can perform a key role in negotiating a peace treaty between hostile countries.
**The symphoney orchestra played a famous musical piece in a lower key than usual.
**the key to success
**중요한
**(악곡의) 조
**비결
*10. eventually
*10. in the end, finally, ultimately, later, in (due) time
**The US eventually recognized the Filipinos’ desire for independence.
**결과(In time, the massive star will explode)
*11. persistent
*11. continuous, enduring, long-lasting, constant
**The persistent sound of crickets chirping kept Steve from getting a good night’s sleep.
**지속되는
*12. corroborate
*12. confirm, verify, substantiate
**With DNA evidence, it is easier to corroborate a person’s identity.
**확증하다
*13. inaugurate
*13. introduce, initiate, begin, commence
**Andre Breton helped inaugurate the surrealist movement by publishing the Manifesto of Surrealism in 1924.
**개시하다, 시작하다
*14. further
*14. additional, extra, supplementary
**It was determined that the little girl would need further therapy to fully recover from the car accident.
**추가적인
*15. concentrate on
*15. focus on, pay attention to
**Meditation can help you concentrate on being in the present.
**~에 집중하다
*16. moreover
*16. additionally, in addition, as well, besides
**Melanie had gotten thinner with age; moreover, her whole image had changed.
**게다가
*17. execute
*17. perform, carry out, fulfil, implement
*17. produce
*17. put to death
**The cheerleading squad practiced for weeks until they could execute their routine without any mistakes.
**The skilled artist executed detailed and lifelike paintings.
**execute the criminal
**수행하다
**(미술품 등을) 제작하다
**처형하다
*18. urbane
*18. cultivated, sophisticated, polished, refined
**My brother looked quite urbane in his new tuxedo.
**세련된
*19. boast
*19. show off, brag, swagger, pride oneself on
*19. proudly possess
**Muhammad Ali boasted that he was the greates boxer to ever.
**Paris boasts several famous and widely visited landmarks.
**자랑하다
**(자랑거리로서) 가지고 있다
*20. envision
*20. imagine, conceive, visualize
**Martin Luther King Jr. envisioned a world with no racial barriers.
**마음속에 그리다, 상상하다
*21. intermediate
*21. in-between, between extremes, median
**A number of interesting developments occur during the intermediate stage of the insect’s life cycle.
**중간의
*22. frightful
*22. alarming, fearsome
**Tom’s unusual behavior was quite frightful, enough to worry the entire family.
**무서운
*23. irrevocable
*23. permanent, irreversible, unchangeable
**Tattos are no longer irrevocable, though removing them is painful and costly.
**돌이킬 수 없는
*24. disintegration
*24. breaking apart, collapse
**The disintegration of a country during civil war has devastating, long-term effects on the people.
**분해, 붕괴
*25. burgeoning
*25. rapidly expanding, growing, escalating
**A burgeoning deer population has been interfering with traffic by wandering onto the highways.
**급증하는
*26. terrestrial
*26. earthly, worldly
*26. land-based, onshore
**The yogi believes that only when we get rid of our terrestrial desires are we truly free.
**속세의
**육지의
*27. adorn
*27. decorate, beautify, ornament
**Christine adorned herself in her finest jewelry for the party.
**꾸미다
*28. revolution
*28. fundamental change, innovation
**Louis Pasteur’s germ theory of disease caused a revolution in medical thought.
**변혁, 개혁
*29. randomness
*29. lack of pattern
**Constellations offer a practical way to assign order to the randomness of stars.
**무작위성
*30. superficial
*30. external, not deep, exterior
**John put on a superficial appearance of being happy, but he was actually quite upset.
**표면적인
*31. diversion
*31. distraction
**Magicians use attractive assistancts as a diversion when performing their tricks.
**주의 전환물
*32. originate from
*32. come from, derive from, stem from
**Light that originates from distant starts takes millions of years to reach the Earth.
**~에서 비롯되다
*33. intimate
*33. close, familiar
**Marilyn Monroe was intimate with many of the greatest minds of her day.
**친밀한
*33-1. intimidate
*33-1. threaten, menace
**위협하다
*34. blossom
*34. flourish, bloom, thrive
**European art and culture began to blossom during the Renaissance.
**번영하다
*35. groundwork
*35. foundation, basis, footing
**Issac Newton’s writings on mathmatics laid the groundwork for the development of modern calculus.
**토대, 기초
*36. trivial
*36. small, frivolous, unimportant, insignificant
**The mayor argued that the cost of the new library was trivial compared to the benefit it offered.
**사소한
*37. posterity
*37. future generations, next generations
**The conservation efforts of today will help preserve the environment for posterity.
**후대
*38. aggravate
*38. make worse, worsen, exacerbate
**Consuming alcohol and spicy food can aggravate stomach conditions.
**악화시키다
*39. obtainable
*39. available, accessible, attainable
**Most of the ingredients for Chinese cooking are obtainable at the supermarket.
**얻을 수 있는
*40. extent
*40. range, scope, stretch
**The extent of topics covered during the lecture was quite diverse.
**범위
*41. ingenious
*41. inventive, creative, innovative, (very) clever
**An ingenious system of water pumps has been built to protect the city from flooding.
**기발한, 독창적인
*41-1. ingenuous
*41-1. naive, innocent
**순진한
*42. burst
*42. break open, break out
**The water pipe burst and ruined the kitchen floor.
**터지다
*43. outlying
*43. far from the center, remote, distant
**The price of land is much lower in outlying areas than in the city centers.
**외진, 중심에서 떨어진
*44. revolve around
*44. focus on, center on
**Many parents feel that their lives revolve around their young children.
**~을 중심으로 돌다
*45. metriculously
*45. carefully, precisely
**The project needs to be metriculously planned since the term only has four weeks to complete it.
**꼼꼼히
*46. utilitarian
*46. practical, pragmatic, functional
**The factory is very utilitarian in design.
**실용적인
*47. constitute
*47. make up, comprise, compose
**Several different ethnic groups constitute the population of Malaysia.
**구성하다
*48. reciprocal
*48. mutual
**Though the two authors had different ideas about the same subject, they had a reciprocal respect.
**상호 간의
*48-1. reciprocate
*48-1. trade, exchange
**주고받다
*49. tendency
*49. inclination, trend, proneness
**There has been a recent tendency among teachers to give more lenient punishment.
**경향
*50. artifact
*50. object, item, article
**The archaeologist discovered the artifact 2.5 meters below the ground.
**인공 유물
*51. expedite
*51. accelerate, speed up, urge, rush
**To expedite the passport renewal process, applicants must pay an additional fee.
**신속히 처리하다, 촉진시키다
*52. scenario
*52. situation, sequence of events
**Comedians often use everyday scenarios to appeal to the audience.
**(사건의) 시나리오
*53. define
*53. identify
**In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined the difference between planets and dwarf planets.
**분명히 하다
*54. propulsion
*54. moving forward, thrust, impetus
**Before motors were invented, wind was used as the means of propulsion for ships.
**추진, 추진력
*55. resolute
*55. firm, determined, steadfast, unwavering
**Without a resolute commitment to stop illegal hunting, the tiger’s future is in danger.
**확고한
*55-1. resolution
*55-1. determination
**결심, 결의
*56. phase
*56. period, stage, step
**The first phase of construction on the fort was completed before the War of 1812.
**시기, 단계
*57. fairly
*57. reasonabley, moderately, pretty
*57. impartially
**Mr.Caldwell arrives fairly early at work to read the newspaper before the staff arrives.
**Judges are expected to conduct all cases fiarly.
**꽤
**공정하게
day 11
*1. plausible
*1. possible, believable, likely, probable
**The story seemed plausible, but witnesses said it was untrue.
**그럴듯한
*2. transform
*2. convert, change, alter
**Generators transform physical energy into electrical energy.
**변형시키다, 바꾸다
*3. counterpart
*3. complement, equivalent
**Medieval religious books often included beautiful illustrations as a counterpart to the written text.
**한 쪽, 동등한 것
*4. nevertheless
*4. in spite of that, however, still, yet, nonetheless
**Beagles make excellent pets. Nevertheless, they can become unruly without proper training.
**그럼에도 불구하고
*5. pronounced
*5. notable, striking, marked, significant, noticeable, distinct, strong
**The development of agricultural pesticides led to a pronounced increase in crop yields.
**현저한
*6. celebrated
*6. famous, renowned, well-known
**General Sherman’s march to the sea was probably the most celebrated military coampaign in US history.
**유명한
*7. exceedingly
*7. highly, extremely, excessively, hugely
**Prior to the 2008 economic crisis, real estate prices had become exceedingly expensive.
**대단히
*8. chancy
*8. risky, perilous, dangerous
**Climbing Mt. Everest is chancy, as many people die on the mountain every year.
**위험한
*9. vertical
*9. upright, up-and-down, erect
**The three vertical bands of the French flag symbolize liberty, equality, and brotherhood.
**수직의
*10. persist
*10. continue, last, endure, remain
**Fears persisted even after weather forecasters declared that the hurricane would not come ashore.
**지속되다
*11. magnitude
*11. extent, size, degree, measure, amount
**The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.
**규모, 정도
*12. discern
*12. identify, detect, distinguish
**A leader must be able to discern the best course of action for the group.
**파악하다, 알아내다
*12-1. discerning
*12-1. astute, perceptive
**통찰력 있는
*13. generate
*13. produce, create
**To generate enough electricity for the countryside, the mayor had 200 wind turbines built.
**만들어 내다
*14. eccentric
*14. unusual, bizarre, peculiar, odd
**Vaudeville actors typically wore eccentric costumes on statge.
**별난, 특이한
*15. alternative
*15. substitutive, different
*15. substitute, choice, option
**The city encouraged people to take alternative means of transportation to help reduce traffic congestion.
**Applesauce can be a good non-dairy alternative for eggs when baking.
**대안이 되는, 다른
**대안
*16. stratege
*16. plan, method, scheme
**The strategy of some predators is to camouflage themselves and wait perfectly still for hours.
**전략, 방법
*17. refine
*17. improve, perfect
**The writing tutor suggested ways for the student to refine his essay and garner a better grade.
**개선하다
*18. precious
*18. valuable, dear, priceless
**The colonies were forced into providing precious metals to the mother country.
**귀중한
*19. subtle
*19. hard to recognize, hardly perceived, slight
**The signs of dishonesty are so subtle that they often go undetected.
**미묘한, 감지하기 어려운
*20. conducive to
*20. favorable to, helpful for, beneficial to
**Energetic teachers and fun lessons are conducive to student learning.
**~에 도움이 되는
*21. preoccupied with
*21. concentrated on, absorbed in, immersed in
**The crock made his getaway while officials were preoccupied with the fire he started.
**~에 몰두한
*22. swift
*22. quick, speedy, fleet
**With a swift movement, Maggie stood upright.
**재빠른
*23. menace
*23. threaten, intimidate, frighten
**The thief menaced the neighborhood for weeks before being caught.
**위협하다
*24. akin to
*24. similar to, like
**Ukrainians are culturally and racially akin to Russians.
**~과 유사한
*25. expend
*25. use, use up, spend, consume
**Athletes expend more energy in hot and humid weather, so they are likely to feel tired more quciekly.
**쓰다
*25-1. expand
*25-1. enlarge, increase
**확장하다
*26. belittle
*26. disregard, underestimate
**Jane did not realize that she was belittling her colleagues by constantly interrupting them.
**경시하다
*27. commend
*27. admire, praise, compliment
**The general commended the soldiers for their bravery during the battle.
**칭찬하다
*27-1. command
*27-1. order, dictate
**명령
*28. sue
*28. take a strong legal action against, charge
**The company sued its supplier for breach of contract.
**고소하다
*29. innovation
*29. new development, novelty, new idea
**Built-in cameras and web browsing capabilities are amazing innovations in cellular phone technology.
**혁신, 새로 도입한 것
*30. fragmentation
*30. destruction, disintegration, disruption
**The Cultural Revolution in China caused a fragmentation of societal ideals.
**붕괴, 분열
*31. mainly
*31. principally, generally, primarily, cheifly
**In California, rain occurs mainly during the winter months.
**주로
*32. sufficient
*32. enough, adequate, ample
**For most healthy adults, a few days of rest is sufficient to get over a cold.
**충분한
*33. abnormally
*33. unusually, oddly, exceptionally, atypically
**An abnormally rapid heart rate may indicate a serious health problem.
**이례적으로, 이상하게
*34. barrier
*34. bar, obstacle, obstruction
**The mountains form a natural barrier between the two countries.
**a bar to effective communication
**장벽, 장애물
*35. gigantic
*35. huge, immense, colossal
**The gigantic thunderstorm in Japan was much more serious than anyone had anticipated.
**거대한
*36. reproduce
*36. copy, duplicate, imitate
*36. breed, multiply, propagate
**The director sometimes reproduces others’ styles as homage to their work.
**All living organisms need to reproduce to keep their species alive.
**복제하다, 모사하다
**번식하다
*37. allow
*37. enable, permit, let
**Farmers allowed firefighters to use water from their ponds to put out the wildfire.
**허락하다
*38. penetrate
*38. pierce, go through, enter
**A large iceberg penetrated the Titanic’s steel frame and caused the ship to sink.
**꿰뚫다
*39. device
*39. mechanism, apparatus, appliance
**The smartphone is one of the most useful devices for communication.
**장치, 기구
*40. divergent
*40. varying, different, dissimilar
**In the debate, the political candidates discussed their divergent views.
**다른, 갈라지는
*41. flaw
*41. defect, fault, blemish, shortcoming
**In the play Cyrano De Bergerac, the protagonist’s most obvious flaw is his grotesque nose.
**결점
*42. buffer
*42. protect, cushion
**Installing thick windwos in your home will buffer against the cold weather.
**완화하다, 보호하다
*43. refute
*43. disprove, rebut, prove false
**Galileo refuted the theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
**논박하다
*44. domestic
*44. household, home, family
**If both the husband and wife work, they should share the domestic chores.
**가정의
*44-1. domesticate
*44-1. tame, train
**길들이다, 사육하다
*45. on the spur of the moment
*45. without planning, on impulse
**On the spur of the moment, Lucy and Henry drove to the beach to enjoy the unexpectedly warm day.
**충동적으로
*46. temperate
*46. moderate, mild, clement
**Fruits such as apples and pears grow in theperate climates.
**온화한
*47. consistent with
*47. in agreement with, congruent with
**Erica chose a major that was consistent with her goal of being a doctor.
**~과 일치하는
*48. splendor
*48. magnificence, grandeur, majesty
**The splendor of the massive statues on Easter Island impressed early European explorers.
**장려함, 화려함
*49. prosper
*49. succeed, flourish, thrive
**Careful planning and good opportunities can help a business prosper.
**번창하다, 성공하다
*50. brew
*50. develop, loom, be on the way
**Meteorologists use radar and satellite imaging to determine whether a typhoon is brewing.
**일어나려고 하다
*51. persevere
*51. continue, carry on, persist
**Despite his injury, the marathon runner persevered until the end of the race.
**인내하며 계속하다
*51-1. preserve
*51-1. protect, conserve
**보호하다, 보존하다
*52. bias
*52. prejudice
**Some nutiritionists have a strong bias against genetically modified food.
**편견
*53. administer
*53. manage, supervise, conduct
*53. give, provide
**An external consultant has been hired to administer the large goernmental grant.
**It’s crucial to double-check the dosage of the medication before you administer it.
**관리하다
**주다, 투여하다
*54. groundless
*54. unfounded, baseless
**Although Sarah knew her fear of the dark was grounless, she still used a nightlight.
**근거 없는
*55. arouse
*55. stimulate, provoke, incite
*55. awake
**The strange sight in the distance aroused Watson’s curiosity, so he moved closer to get a better look.
**arouse Jane from sleep
**자극하다
**잠에서 깨우다
*56. occupy
*56. engross, engage, absorb
**Basic needs, such as food and shelter, occupied the minds of early humans.
**(주의-마음을) 끌다
*57. virtual
*57. amlost complete
**A further reduction in the size of the Arctic ice cap is a virtual certainty.
**거의 ~과 다름없는, 사실상의
*58. unexplored
*58. uncovered
**The student wrote a paper on some of the unexplored aspects of social media.
**다루어지지 않은, 논의되지 않은
*59. tuned to
*59. in agreement with
**An employee who is tuned to the goals of management is more likely to be promoted.
**~과 일치된
day 10
*1. modify
*1. change, alter, adjust, adapt
**Many software settings can be modified to improve the performance of a computer.
**바꾸다, 조정하다.
*2. initially
*2. at first, originally, primarily
**Ben initially supported Roger’s plan, but later opposed it.
**처음에
*3. critical
*3. important, crucial, essential
*3. dangerous, risky
**Air traffic controllers must make critical decisions every day that affect the lives of many people.
**The patient’s adverse reaction to the medicine caused his heart rate to drop to a critical level.
**중요한
**위독한, 위험한
*4. luminous
*4. brilliant, bright, shining, glowing
*4. clear, explicit
**The luminous object that appeared over Europe in AD 1066 was Halley’s Comet.
**a concise and luminous explanation
**빛나는
**명쾌한
*5. facilitate
*5. ease, make easy, help, assist, aid
**Freedom of information laws facilitate access to government documents for researchers.
**용이하게 하다
*6. refinement
*6. small improvement, advancement, enhancement
**For 14 years, Alfred Wegener made numerous refinements to his theory of continental drift.
**개선
*7. attribute
*7. charcateristic, trait, quality, property
*7. ascribe, credit, impute, refer
**The prime minister’s ability to speak eloquently is considered one of his greatest attributes.
**The world’s increase in energy use can be attributed to the population growth.
**특성
**~의 탓(덕)으로 돌리다
*8. belch
*8. suddenly emit, discharge, erupt, vent
**Volcanoes can belch toxic fumes without warning.
**분출하다
*9. underrate
*9. undervalue, underestimate, belittle
**Many parents underrate the importance of playing with their children.
**과소평가하다
*10. immense
*10. large, enormous, huge, tremendous
**The immense statue of the Greek goddess Athena attracted many tourists to thee Acropolis.
**거대한
*10-1. immerse
*10-1. bury, submerge
**담그다, 파묻다
*11. virtue
*11. goodness
*11. merit, desirable quality, strength
**Accoring to legend, King Arthur was both a great warrior and a man of virtue.
**A virtue shared by all great leaders is the ability to motivate others.
**미덕
**장점
*12. bustling
*12. busy, lively
*12. rush, hasten
**During the summer, the sidewalks and shops near the beach are bustling with people.
**붐비는, 떠들썩한
**서두르다
*13. distinct
*13. different, separate, discrete
*13. definite, clear and recognizable
**Each region of Italy maintains its own distinct traditions.
**There was a distinct difference in the twins’ personalities.
**다른, 별개의
**뚜렷한
*14. thriving
*14. prosperous, successful, flourishing
**Our town used to be very small, but it has grown into a thriving community.
**번영하는
*15. obvious
*15. evident, clear, apparent, conspicuous
**It was obvious that Fred didn’t understand what Wilma meant.
**분명한
*16. exceptional
*16. extraordinary, aabnormal, unusual
**The Ancient Greek Olympians displayed an exceptional amout of strength and endurance.
**이례적인
*17. cumbersome
*17. difficult to handle, burdensome, awkward
**Although the cultivator looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use.
**다루기 힘든
*18. boon
*18. great benefit, advantage
**Due to so many people purchasing gifts, the Christmas season is always a boon to retail stores.
**큰 이익, 혜택
*18-1. boom
*18-1. flourish, thrive
**갑자기 번창하다
*19. optimum
*19. best, most favorable, supreme
**Machines achieve optimum performance when they are properly maintained and regularly used.
**최고의
*20. uniformly
*20. evenly, regularly, consistently
**If the paint is not spread uniformly on the wall, there will be variations in color when it dries.
**균일하게, 한결같이
*21. unleash
*21. release, unloose
**We took our dogs to the fenced park so that we could unleash them and let them run free.
**풀다
*22. acquire
*22. obtain, gain, procure, earn
**Some people acquired great wealth by investing in the stock market.
**얻다
*23. enigma
*23. mystery, puzzle, riddle
**Even today, the origin of Egypt’s great pyramids is an enigma.
**수수께끼
*24. steadfast
*24. unwavering, firm, enduring, resolute
**It is the president’s steadfast belief that Congress needs more women.
**변함없는, 단호한
*25. dainty
*25. delicate, exquisite, refined
**At the wedding, the decorations included thousands of dainty flowers.
**우아한, 섬세한
*26. anomaly
*26. irregularity, abnormality, exception
**Modern airplanes are very safe, so crashes are anomalies.
**이례적인 것, 예외
*27. splendid
*27. marvelous, magnificent
**The Palace of Versailles is a splendid example of French Architecture.
**멋진
*28. rapport
*28. bond, relationship, link, tie
**The friendly teacher had a strong rapport with his students.
**관계
*29. question
*29. take a critical look at, dispute
**Some people question the educational value of certain testing methods, such as multiple-choice exams.
**~에 대해 이의를 제기하다
*29-1. questioning
*29-1. suspicious, doubtful
**미심쩍어하는
*30. scatter
*30. disperse, dissipate, distribute, spread out, widely spread
**The man scattered grass seeds all over the lawn.
**흘뿌리다
*31. escalate
*31. intensify, increase, mount, rise
**The demonstration quickly escalated when a protestor threw a glass bottle at the police.
**확대되다, 증대하다.
*32. temporary
*32. short-lived, makeshift, for a limited time, transitory
**The pill caused a few temporary side effects.
**일시적인
*33. attest
*33. confirm, support, prove
**Three witnesses signed the will to attest its authenticity.
**증명하다, 입증하다
*34. fortify
*34. strengthen, reinforce
**To prepare for war, the general had his mem fortify the walls of the fort.
**강화하다
*35. remove
*35. eliminate, extract, withraw
**A plastic surgeon can remove scars using a laser.
**제거하다
*36. end
*36. purpose, goal, aim
*36. limit, boundary
**The end of the project is to increase agricultural yields in Sub-Saharan Africa.
**the end of one’s tolerance
**목적, 목표
**한계
*37. plentiful
*37. abundant, bountiful, rich
**Fish and plankton are plentiful in the sea.
**풍부한
*38. make it
*38. arrive
*38. get on, succeed.
**Despite the traffic congestion downtown, all the fans managed to make it on time for the concert.
**make it as a singer
**(제시간에)도착하다
**성공하다
*39. devastate
*39. destroy, demolish, ravage, ruin
**The logging industry has devastated many tropical rainforests in South America.
**완전히 파괴하다
*40. eminently
*40. exceptionally, highly, extremely
**The city’s new subway system is eminently practical.
**대단히, 현저히
*41. subtraction
*41. decrease, deduction, reduction
**Many teachers opposed the subtraction of funds for art and music.
**삭감, 공제
*42. as a rule of thumb
*42. in general
**As a rule of thumb, people should visit the dentist for a check-up every six months.
**경험적으로 보아 대개
*43. blur
*43. make less distinct, obscure, cloud
**The new political party blurred the lines between conservatives and liberals.
**흐리게 하다
*44. relay
*44. transfer, communicate, trasmit, impart
**In the 19th century, news reports were relayed by telegram.
**전달하다
*45. expandable
*45. able to be enlarged, extendable
**The dining room table is expandable to accommodate dinner guests.
**펼칠 수 있는, 확장할 수 있는
*45-1. expendable
*45-1. dispensable, unnecessary
**필요 없는
*46. scrupulous
*46. careful, fastidious, meticulous
*46. honest, moral
**The police officer was praised for his scrupulous performance of duties.
**A scrupulous real estate agent does not charge clients excessive fees.
**세심한, 꼼꼼한
**양심적인
*47. approximately
*47. about, roughly, nearly
**Approximately 25 percent of the world’s electricity is used by the US alone.
**대략
*48. paradoxical
*48. seemingly contradictory, ironic
**Einstein thought that using violence to restore peace was paradoxical.
**역설적인
*49. source
*49. origin, beginning, derivation
**Located in central Africa, Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile River.
**근원, 기원
*50. adhere
*50. stick, cleave, cling
**The glue that covers a stamp’s back allows it to adhere to an envelope.
**부착되다, 달라붙다
*51. available
*51. accessible, obtainable
**Books were available to the masses for the first time with the invetion of Gutenberg’s printing press.
**구할 수 있는
*52. get rid of
*52. eliminate, remove, dispose of
**Meditation has become a popular way for people to get rid of stress.
**~을 없애다
*53. repel
*53. drive away, beat off
**The high walls of Medieval castles made it easy to repel attackers.
**물리치다
*53-1. repellent
*53-1. disgusting, repulsive
**혐오감을 주는
*54. maximize
*54. increase to the greatest possible degree
**Manufacturers set prices for their products that will maximize their potential profits.
**극대화하다
*55. outermost
*55. farthest away, farthest, most remote
**Neptune is the outermost planet in the solar system.
**가장 바깥의
*56. bind
*56. fie, fasten
**For hygiene reasons, restaurant employees with long hair must bind it before they start work.
**묶다
*57. visible
*57. perceptible
**The symptoms of the life-threatening disease may not be visible for several years after infection.
**눈에 띄는, 명백한
day 9
*1. initiate
*1. start, begin, originate, commence
**The governemtn has initiated several new welfare policies to assistn the poor.
**시작하다
*2. tremendous
*2. great, large, gigantic, huge
**The Arab-Israeli conflict has had a tremendous impact on the world economy.
*2-1. tremulous
*2-1. trembling, vibrating
**떨리는
*3. breakthrough
*3. advance, progress
**The discovery of a cure for AIDS would be a huge breakthrough for modern medicine.
**큰 발전
*4. cope with
*4. deal with, manage, handle
**The soccer players coped with heavy rain and a muddy field as they played the game.
**~을 대처하다, ~을 다루다
*5. inducement
*5. incentive, incitement, lure
**The research shows that the greatest inducement to productivity in the workplace is managerial style.
**유인책, 장려
*6. irreversible
*6. irreparable, irrevocable, irremediable
**Long exposure to freezing temperatures can cause irreversible demage to skin.
**돌이킬 수 없는
*7. comprise
*7. include, encompass
*7. consist of, be made up of, be composed of
**The textbook comprises a large number of detailed illustrations and charts.
**The Dow Jones Industrial Average comprises thirty of the largest companies in the US.
**포함하다
**~으로 구성되다
*8. culmination
*8. high point, apex, pinnacle
**Being promoted to company president was the culmination of Timothy’s 20-year career.
**정점, 최고조
*8-1. culminate
*8-1. end, finish, terminate
**끝나다
*9. allegiance
*9. loyalty, fidelity, commitment, dedication
**Immigrants must promise their allegiance to their new country.
**충성, 헌선
*10. notable
*10. remarkable, outstanding, important
**Professor Dixon’s notable achievements in academia earned him the repect and admiration of his colleagues.
**주목할 만한, 중요한
*11. idiosyncrasy
*11. peculiarity, eccentricity, oddity
**An idiosyncrasy of modern life is that people are busier than ever despite technology.
**특징, 이상한 점
*12. minute
*12. tiny, very small, diminutive
**Bacteria are so minute that they can only be observed using a microscope.
**아주 작은
*13. markedly
*13. significantly, noticeably, considerably, substantially
**The Moon’s density is markedly less than the Earth’s
**현저하게
*14. phenomenon
*14. occurrence, incident
**The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is one of many natural phenomena that fascinate astronomers.
**현상, 사건(복수형:phenomena)
*15. disseminate
*15. spread, disperse, distribute
**The rumor about Kate’s mysterious absence was disseminated by word of mouth.
**퍼뜨리다
*16. current
*16. present, existing
**If one wants to see the current trends in fashion, there is no better place to visit than Paris.
**현재의
*17. detrimental
*17. harmful, injurious, damaging, pernicious
**Drinking and smoking have been proven to be detrimental to health.
**해로운
*18. presume
*18. believe, accept as true
**Biologists presume that a massive asteroid was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs.
**~이라고 생각하다, 추정하다
*19 anarchy
*19 disorder, chaos, disorganization
**During the protests, anarchy filled the city’s streets.
**무질서, 혼란
*20. snake
*20. wind, meander, curve, twist
**The highway snakes thruogh the mountains and has many incredible views along the way.
**구불구불 가다
*21. sophisticated
*21. complex, highly developed
*21. cultured, refined
**A more sophisticated apporach was needed to solve the problem.
**sophisticated styles and tastes
**정교한, 고도로 발달한
**세련된
*22. derive
*22. originate, trace, obtain, gain
**The name of Colorado’s Pueblo County is derived from the Spanish word for “village.”
**유래하다, 얻다
*23. sole
*23. only, single, solitary
**In the movie, the sole survivor of a plane crash learns to live on a deserted island.
**유일한
*24. embellish
*24. decorate, make attractive, adorn, beautify, ornament
**Louis XIV embellished his palaces with luxurious furniture.
**장식하다
*25. antagonize
*25. anger, aggravate, counteract
**The author antagonized her critics by writing angry response to reviews on her website.
**~의 반감을 사다, 대항하다
*26. yearn
*26. long, desire, crave, pine
*26. sympathize, feel, compassion
**After more than a decade of war, everyone in the two countries yearned for peace.
**yearn over the poor
**갈망하다
**동정하다
*27. permit
*27. allow, let, approve
**Visitors to national parks are not permitted to have campfires during the dry season.
**허락하다
*28. scarcity
*28. lack, shortage, insufficiency, deficiency
**A scarcity of fish damaged the seaside town’s economy.
**부족
*29. renounce
*29. give up, reject, relinquish
**Monks renounce material possessions and live a very simple life
**포가하다, 버리다
*30. keep in check
*30. limit, control, restrict, restrain
**If government spending is not kept in check, ecnomic problems will result.
**제어하다, 억제하다
*31. subsistence
*31. survival, existence, living
**Early humans relied on hunting as their primary menas of subsistence.
**생존
*32. annually
*32. each year, yearly, every year
**Interest on the bank loan is usually calculated annually.
**매년
*33. emerge
*33. appear, loom, spring up, come out, develop
**Every 17 years, cicadas emerge by the millions in North America.
**나타나다
*34. customary
*34. habitual, traditional, typical, accustomed
**It is customary to burn an American flag when it becomes torn.
**습관적인, 관례적인
*35. widely
*35. extensively, broadly
**Franz Schubert’s compositions did not become widely known until many years after his death.
**널리
*36. assign
*36. specify, designate, appoint
**The teacher assigned a seat to each student.
**지정하다
*37. equivocal
*37. ambiguous, vague, obscure, uncertain
**The president was criticized for gibing equivocal responses about his immigration policy during an interview.
**모호한
*38. release
*38. free, liberate, loose
*38. emit, give off, discharge, exude
**Johnson will be released from prison tomorrow.
**The buring of fossil fuels releases poisonous gases into the air.
**석방하다
**방출하다
*39. essentially
*39. basically, fundamentally, primarily
**Although Kelly is essentially content with her single life, she does occasionally consider starting a family.
**기본적으로, 본질적으로
*40. oversee
*40. supervise, control, superintend
**It is the job of the manager to oversee factory workers.
**감독하다
*41. rapidly
*41. quickly, fast
**Theodore’s health declined rapidly, and in 1933, he died of cancer.
**급속히, 빨리
*42. acknowledge
*42. recognize, admit, accept
*42. appreciation, gratitude
**The professor acknowledged the unrealistic deadline for the assignmnent and changed it.
**인정하다
**감사
*43. rough
*43. uneven, rugged, bumpy, coarse
**The merchants completed the trip over the rough mountain road.
**울퉁불퉁한, 거친
*44. preclude
*44. prevent, stop, hinder
*44. rule out, exclude
**According to Adam Smith, the feudal system precluded economic progress.
**Sherlock Holmes always said that once you preclude all impossibilities, whatever is left is the answer.
**막다
**배제하다
*45. portable
*45. able to be carried, mobile, movable
**Engineers are developing new portable medical devices that can be taken wherever you go.
**휴대용의
*46. presumable
*46. probable, likely, possible
**An undetected gas leak was the presumable cause of the explosion.
**그럴듯한, 있음직한
*47. calculatedly
*47. deliberately, intentionally, knowingly
**Spaces in the seminar have been calculatedly limited to facilitate more intimate discussions.
**계획적으로
*48. deviation
*48. departure, divergence, aberration
**Jenny is a talented skater and her poor performance in the competition was a deviation from the norm.
**일탈
*48-1. devotion
*48-1. dedication, commitment
**헌신
*49. hairline
*49. slight, thin
**The contractor noted that the hairline cracks in the wall needed to be repaired before they got bigger.
**아주 가느다란
*50. formulate
*50. develop, devise, forge
*50. state, specify, express
**The marketing department is formulating a plan to attract more clients.
**The speaker formulated his ideas in clear and concise language that the audience understood easily.
**고안하다, 발전시키다
**명확히 말하다
*51. astute
*51. insightful, shrewd, clever, sharp
**The professor was impressed with Daniel’s astute observations about the poem.
**통찰력 있는, 영악한
*52. reliable
*52. dependable, trustworthy, credible
**Jane wanted to know if there was someone reliable in her life
**신뢰할 수 있는
*53. take precedence over
*53. be more important than, come before
**In a hospital embergency room, patients with severe trauma take precedence over people with minor injuries.
**~보다 우선하다
*54. allusion
*54. reference, mention, implication, suggestion
**During his presentation, the speaker made an allusion to one of the scenes in Shakespeares Macbeth.
**언급, 임시
*54-1. delusion
*54-2. illusion
**망상
**환상, 착각
*55. locomotion
*55. movement, motion
**The invetion of the airplane took human locomotion to a higher level.
**이동 능력
*56. principally
*56. mainly
**Edgar Allen Poe principally wrote poems and short stories, although he did produce one play.
**주로
*57. rebellion
*57. uprising, revolt
**The rebellion of British colonists in North America led to the formation of the United States.
**반란
*58. revive
*58. recover
**The economy revived following an extended period of increased consumer spending.
**회복하다, 소생하다
day 8
*1. furthermore
*1. in addition, moreover
**Using organic compost reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, it strengthens the soil.
**게다가
*2. proliferate
*2. multiply, become numerous, increase in number
**Mosquitoes proliferate faster and bite more as the air becomes warmer.
**증식하다
*3. assess
*3. evaluate, estimate, judge, appraise
**With the help of her counselors, Helen began to assess her life in a more positive way.
**평가하다
*3-1. access
*3-1. approach, admission
**접근, 입장
*4. spur
*4. stimulus, incitement, incentive
*4. stimulate, prompt
**The coach’s speech was a much needed spur for the team.
**The free trade agreement spurred economic development in the region.
**자극
**자극하다
*5. electic
*5. diverse, various, manifold
**Social media sites reflect the eclectic opinions that exist in society today.
**폭넓은, 다방면의
*6. crucial
*6. decisive, important, essential, vital, acute
**Public opinion was the crucial factor in entering the war.
**결정적인, 중대한
*7. intricate
*7. complex, complicated, elaborate, tangled
**The exterior walls of the Aztec temple are covered with intricate designs.
**복잡한
*8. palatial
*8. magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid
**Many tourists visit Beverly Hills to see the palatial homes of celebrities.
**웅장한, 대궐같은
*9. potent
*9. powerful, strong, influential
**Scorpions have a stinger at the end of their tail, and it is a very potent weapon.
**강력한
*9-1. potency
*9-1. efficacy
**효능
*10. extract
*10. draw, derive, remove
**Slaves were put to work on plantations to extract maximum harvests from the cotton fields.
**끌어내다, 뽑아내다.
*11. course through
*11. run through
**The Amazon River courses through the Brazilian rainforest.
**~속을 흐르다.
*12. criterion
*12. standard, measure, norm
**Criteria for graduate school admissions vary greatly depending on the university.
**기준(복수형이 criteria)
*13. enjoy
*13. experience
**The record company enjoyed an increase in album sales after it opened an online store.
**재미를 보다, 즐겁게 경험하다
*14. inadvertently
*14. unintentionally, accidentally, unwittingly
**Grace inadvertently deleted the accounting files from her computer.
**무심코
*15. peril
*15. danger, jeopardy, hazard
**Travelers who visit countries where sickness is common put themselves in peril.
**위험
*16. arduous
*16. difficult, strenuous, laborious
**Only 38 percent of climbers have been able to make the arduous trek to Annapurna’s summit.
**힘든
*17. feat
*17. achievement, accomplishment, exploit
**The Taj Mahal is considered a remarkable feat of structural engineering.
**위엄
*18. friction
*18. conflict, clash, discord, strife
**Friction between Fracne and Germany existed before the start of World War I.
**마찰, 불화
*19. materialize
*19. appear, emerge, loom
**The people in the lifeboat were relieved when a ship materialized in the distance.
**나타나다
*19-1. material
*19-1. substance, matter
**물질
*20. regulate
*20. adjust, control
**Mammals differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature.
**조절하다
*21. demise
*21. end, fall, collapse, downfall
**The Battle of Midway ensured the demise of the Japanese Empire.
**종말, 몰락
*22. frankly
*22. honestly, openly, truthfully, candidly
**In the interview, the celebrity spoke frankly about her recent personal problems.
**솔직히
*23. immensely
*23. extremely, excessively, enormously, incredibly
**The world’s population grew immensely during the 20th century.
**굉장히
*24. deem
*24. consider, regard, believe
**The doctor deemed it necessary for the patient to undergo surgery immediately.
**생각하다, 여기다
*25. consumption
*25. use, utilization
**The consumption of drugs has increased in the country despite the government’s best efforts to prevent it.
**소비, 소모
*26. suspend
*26. hang, dangle, swing
*26. defer, postpone
**The worker suspended the lights from the ceiling of the building’s lobby.
**suspend the road construction
**메달다
**연기하다
*27. prevent
*27. preclude, avoid, impede, avert
**The environmental bill prevents citizens from dumping garbage into the lake.
**막다, 방해하다
*28. authentic
*28. genuine, true, real
**The museum has a large collection of autenic artifacts from the late 1400s.
**진짜의
*29. redundant
*29. superfluous, unnexcessary, wordy, repetitious
**Students often make the mistake of including redundant information in their essays.
**불필요한, 장황한
*30. profuse
*30. abundant, plentiful, copious, lavish
**The old English sheepdog has a profuse coat of fur that keeps it warm in the winter.
**풍부한
*31. ornament
*31. decorate, adorn, embellish
**Timothy’s house was ornamented with various flowers.
**장식하다
*32. demolish
*32. destroy, wreck
**Large hurricanes and typhoons can easily demolish entire cities.
**파괴하다
*33. voracious
*33. insatiable, greedy, gluttonous
**Because growing children can have voracious appetites, they may need to eat more often than most adults.
**만족할 줄 모르는, 탐욕적인
*33-1. veracious
*33-1. truthful, honest
**진실한
*34. as well as
*34. in addition to, not to mention
**Florida is a popular tourist destination because it has a warm climate as well as beautiful beaches.
**~뿐만 아니라
*35. extreme
*35. intense, severe, excessive
**A polar bear’s thick fur protects it from the extreme cold.
**극심한, 지나친
*36. reform
*36. betterment
*36. amend, improve, ameliorate
**The protestors hoped that their actions would lead to reform.
**The company would go bankrupt unless it refomrmed its spending.
**개혁, 개선
**개선하다, 개정하다
*37. determinant
*37. cause, factor
**Unsanitary water is one major determinant for the spread of infectious diseases.
**결정 요인
*38. inclination
*38. tendency, trend, preference, taste
**The Mongols had little inclination to ally with other nomadic peoples of Northern Asia.
**경향, 기호
*39. inflation
*39. expansion, swelling, enlargement
**According to the theroy, the universe began a rapid fnlation follwing the Big Bang.
**팽창
*40. routine
*40 ordinary, normal, conventional
**Successful applicants avoid giving routine answers in interviews.
**틀에 박힌, 평범한
*41. accessible
*41. reachable, able to be reached, obtainable
**Eagles nest high on cliffs that are accessible by few predators.
**접근할 수 있는, 얻을 수 있는
*42. constituent
*42. component, elemental
*42. voter, elector
**Carl Linnaeus conducted a great deal of research on the constituent parts of the human body.
**support of the constituents
**구성 요소의
**유권자
*43. insolent
*43. impertinent, impudent, rude
**The waiter’s insolent attitude offended the customers in the resaurant.
**무례한
*44. to be sure
*44. certainly, definitely, surely
**To be sure, Shakespeare’s contributions to the English language cannot be discounted.
**틀림없이
*45. broadly
*45. generally, mostly
**Broadly speaking, Alfred Hitchcock’s films are suspenseful.
**대체로
*46. echo
*46. reflect, resound, resonate
*46. imitate, repeat, reiterate
**The sound of Mozart’s music echoed off the walls of the concert hall.
**The ballet students echoed the movements of their instructor.
**울리다, 반향하다
**흉내 내다, 되풀이 하다
*47. shoddy
*47. inferior, poor
**The car repair shop had a reputation for doing shoddy work.
**질이 떨어지는
*48. gear
*48. adjust, adapt, change
*48. equipment, tool
**The teacher geared her lessons to the individual abilities of each class.
**climbing gear
**맞게 조장하다
**장비
*49. absorb
*49. take in, imbibe, soak up
**Alcohol that is sotred in barrels absorbs the wood’s scent, giving it a unique flavor.
**흡수하다
*50. whereby
*50. through which, by which
**Plants engage in a process called photosynthesis whereby they produce sugars and starches.
**~하는
*51. assemble
*51. gather together, bring together, collect
**The family was assembled in the big, white dining room.
**모으다
*52. liberate
*52. free, relese, loosen
**Rebel forces liberated many political prisoners when they took over the city.
**해방하다
*53. rational
*53. logical, sensible, reasonable
**Big purchases, such as a car or home, should be based on rational thinking, not on emotions.
**합리적인
*54. resistance
*54. opposition, objection, refusal to accept
**In the 1960s, American people protested in the streets to show their resistance to the Vietnam War.
**반대, 저항
*54-1. resist
*54-1. refrain from, abstain from
**참다
*55. indefinite period
*55. a period whose end has not been determined
**Due to safety issues, the bridge will be closed for an indefinite period.
**무기한
*56. ardent
*56. entusiastic, passinate, fervent
**Thousands of ardent fans gathered at the stadium to watch the Olympics.
**열렬한
*57. extinct
*57. having died out, defunct
**Plants and animals are becoming extinct at the fastest rate ever known in human history.
**멸종된
*58. be accompanied by
*58. occur togheter with
**The patient’s sore throat was accompanied by a fever.
**~을 동반하다
*59. overestimated
*59. bigger than actual value
**Recent studies have shown that the benefits of dieting are overestimated.
**과대평가된
day 7
*1. considerable
*1. substantial, a large amout of, large
*1. meaningful, significant
**Plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.
**For Pavlov, winning the Nobel Prize was a considerable achievement.
**상당한
**중요한
*2. dominate
*2. control, govern, rule
*2. be widespread in
**The Spartans were a strong military force that dominated Ancient Greece.
**Pro-gun attitudes dominate many states in the US.
**지배하다
**압도적으로 우세하다
*2-1. dominance
*2-1. ascendancy, supremacy
**우위, 우세
*3. ratio
*3. proportion, rate, percentage
**The ratio of women in the workforce is higher than ever.
**비율
*4. duplicate
*4. copy, reproduce, imitate
*4. repeat
**It is considered stealing to illegally duplicate a copyrighted work without permission.
**Thebaseball team won the championship last year, and they duplicated that success this year.
**복제하다
**되풀이하다
*5. barely
*5. hardly, scarcely, almost not
*5. just, only just
**There has been barely any evidence that taking zinc helps prevent colds.
**We arrived barely in time to see the begining of the performance.
*6. strew
*6. scatter, spinkle, disperse
**The tsunami strewed debris over several miles of shoreline.
**흘뿌리다
*7. legitimately
*7. properly, lawfully, legally
**The president was elected legitimately through a nationwide vote.
**합법적으로, 정당하게
*7-1. legitimate
*7-1. reasonable, logical
**합리적인, 합법적인
*8. encapsulate
*8. summarize, sum up, condense
**The paper includes a concluding paragraph that encapsulates the main points.
**요약하다
*9. relatively
*9. comparatively, by comparison
**Roses have a relatively stronger fragrance than sunflowers.
**비교적으로
*10. hazard
*10. risk, danger, peril, jeopardy
**Reduced regulation created hazards to public health and safety.
**위험
*11. paramount
*11. supreme, prime, chief
**The company’s paramount concern was its declining sales.
**최고의, 중요한
*12. unwieldy
*12. difficult to manage, awkward
*12. awkward
**Heavy vehicles such as trucks and tractors can be unwidely to operate.
**다루기 힘든
**(어색한 말고)다루기힘든(도 됨)
*13. subsequent
*13. succceding, following, later, following in time
**The first earthquake was strong, but luckily the subsequent ones were weak.
**그 다음의
*14. striking
*14. noticeable, remarkable, attention-getting
**There was a striking difference in the building’s appearance after the renovation.
**현저한
*15. extended
*15. long-lasting, prolnged
**Images of Venus indidate that the planet may have had extended periods of geological activity.
**장기간에 걸친
*16. ephemeral
*16. short-lived, living for a short time, temporary
**A mayfly is an ephemeral insect that has a lifespan of less than 48 hours.
**단명하는, 덧없는
*17. rigid
*17. strict, exact, severe, rigorous
*17. stiff, hard, firm
**The rules at the military boot camp are so rigid that many drop out on the first day.
**When Ted heard the news, his whole body went rigid with shock.
**엄격한
**굳은, 경직된
*18. chief
*18. major, main, primary, principal
*18. leader, head
**Victorian writer Alfred Lord Tnennyson was a chief influence on the poet T.S. Eliot.
**주요한
**조직의 장
*19. severity
*19. seriousness
**The effects of black widow spider bites vary widely in severity, from mild skin irritation to death.
**심함
*20. typical of
*20. characteristic of, representative of
**Family-owned stores were typical of nineteenth-century American commercial establishments.
**~을 대표하는
*21. enable
*21. allow, permit, facilitate
**Smartphones enable people to share information with others easily.
**가능하게 하다
*22. empirical
*22. based on observation, experimental
**The scientists studied the rats’ movements in order to gain empirical evidence about their behavior.
**실험상의, 실험에 의한
*23. controversy
*23. dispute, debate, disagreement, contention
**How to distribute education funding is a controversy in many school districts.
**논쟁
*24. accomplish
*24. achieve, execute, work out, put through
**To accomplish its plan for a new building, the community center must raise a lot of money.
**성취하다
*25. set
*25. fixed, settled
*25. situate, place, put
**Doctors recommend sticking to a set sleeping schedule in order to get good rest.
**The movers will set the furniture inside the house.
**고정된
**놓다
*26. lag
*26. delay
*26. linger, dawdle
**There is a slight lag between the transmission and reception of an electronic signal.
**지연
**꾸물거리다
*27. exude
*27. give off, release, emit
**Human skin exudes sweat as a colling mechanism.
**발산하다
*28. interplay
*28. interaction, reciprocity
**The interplay of supply and demand helps determine the price of goods.
**상호작용
*29. precede
*29. come before, entecede, forerun
**A recovery in airline stocks typically precedes a rebound in the economy.
**~에 앞서다
*30. manipulation
*30. deliberate alteration
**The manipulation of people’s personal information without consent is a criminal offense.
**조작
*31. dry
*31. arid, rainless, parched
**Mars has a very dry environment, although some frozen water lies below the surface.
**건조한
*32. assist with
*32. help with, aid, support
**Financial advisors assist with managing and increasing their client’ personal wealth.
**~을 돕다
*33. acute
*33. severe, intense, extreme
*33. keen, sharp
**The Environmental Protection Agency has documented many cases of acute injury and death from fires.
**극심한
**예리한
*34. article
*34. object, item, thing
**Every single article in the museum is more than a thousand years old.
**물품
*35. scrutiny
*35. close observation, examination, inspection
**After much scrutiny, expects determined that the painting was authentic.
**정밀 검사
*36. recompense
*36. repayment, compensation
**Bobby offered to mow his neighbor’s lawn as recompense for accidentally breaking her window with his baseball.
**보상
*37. relfect
*37. show, indicate, display, demonstrate
*37. meditate, think, consider, ponder
**Chants of “Encore!” reflected the crowd’s enjoyment of the performance.
**Casey needed some time to reflect before making her decision.
**나타내다
**숙고하다
*38. immeasurably
*38. greatly, extremely
**Quality of life has improved immeasurably because of modern technology.
**대단히
*39. rudiments
*39. basics, elements, fundamentals
**George mastered the rudiments of Russian grammar in one year.
**기초, 기본
*40. mortality
*40. death
**In the 19th century, world mortality rates declined due to advances in medicine.
**사망
*40-1. mortal
*40-1. lethal, fatal
**치명적
*41. awkward
*41. clumsy, unskillful
**A child’s awkward first steps are an important milestone in his or her physical development.
**서투른
*42. constrain
*42. oblige, bind, force, pressure
*42. inhibit, restrain, restrict
**The threat of social exclusion constrins people to behave in culturally acceptable ways.
**The country’s economic growth was constrained by a high level of inflation.
**강요하다
**억제하다
*43. turmoil
*43. unrest, agitation, stir
**When the electricity went out across the city, it created turmoil among the residents.
**소란, 동요
*44. property
*44. characteristic, character, quality
*44. estate, possession, havings
**Professor Kim discussed the properties of gas molecules in detail during the lecture.
**Albert lost all of his property in the fire.
**특성
**예산
*45. fuel
*45. give energy to, encourage
**Coal fueled the engines used in the steamships of the 19th century.
**연료를 공급하다, 자극하다
*46. majestic
*46. magnificent, grand, august
**The bald eagle is so majestic that the US made the animal its national bird.
**위엄있는, 웅대한
*47. preeminent
*47. outstanding, distinguished, foremost
**Marcel Duchamp was one of the preeminent artists of the 20th century.
**뛰어난
*48. crude
*48. rough, primitive, raw, unrefined
**Dietary experts believe that crude sea salt contains more nutrients than its refined counterparts.
**가공하지 않은
*49. variety
*49. diversity, multiplicity
*49. type, species, sort, kind
**The variety of trees is a result of millions of years of evolution.
**The catfish is a popular variety of freshwater fish.
**다양성
**종류
*50. typically
*50. usually, normally, ordinarily
**Pain relief tablets typically take ten to thirty minutes to start working.
**보통
*51. supplementary
*51. additional, extra
**These days, many people work a second job for supplementary income.
**추가의
*52. reduce
*52. decrease, diminish, cut
**The poor tobacco crops of 1755 greatly reduced the amout of tobacco exports.
**감소시키다
*53. subject
*53. participant
*53. expose
**The subjects in the medical experiment have been screened for health issues.
**After a few weeks, young owls leave the nest and subject themselves to danger.
**피실험자
**겪게 하다
*54. flee
*54. run away from, escape, abscond
**Although many criminals attempted to flee Alcatraz Prison, it was nearly escape-proof.
**도망치다, 벗어나다
**For Pavlov, wining the Nobel Prize
day 6
*1. disperse
*1. scatter, dissipate, spread, sisseminate
**The smoke from the fire was rapidly dispersed by the strong winds.
**흩어지게 하다, 퍼뜨리다
*2. adjacent
*2. nearby, neighboring, adjoining
**In addition to the World Trade Center, adjacent buildings were damaged on 9/11.
**인접한
*3. sequence
*3. progression, series, string, succession
*3. order
**A sequence of political events in the West caused war to break.
**The sequence of the dance steps should be followed exactly.
**연속
**순서
*4. detect
*4. discover, find, identify, recognize, sense
**The scientists detected a trace of toxic chemicals in the city’s water supply.
**발견하다, 인지하다
*4-1. defect
*4-1. shortcoming, blemish
**결점
*5. flexible
*5. pliable, bendable, adaptable, adjustable
**The tongue is a flexible organ that helps produce a wide variety of sounds.
**유연한, 적응성 있는
*6. surpass
*6. exceed, outrun, be higher than, excel
**The student’s art project surpassed the teacher’s expectation.
**능가하다
*7. invariable
*7. constant, consistent, unchanging
**There has been an invariable struggle for justice in Cuba since the 1950s.
**변함없는
*8. dramatic
*8. striking, signmificant, impressive
**Alaska has dramatic changes in theperature throughout the year.
**극적인, 인상적인
*9. master
*9. learn thoroughly, learn, acquire
*9. control, manage
**Amanda has mastered several languages, including French and German.
**Chris mastered his fear of water and eventually became a good swimmer.
**습득하다
**제어하다
*10. assimilate
*10. absorb, take in, digest
*10. accommodate, adjust
**The research indicates that the human mind can assimilate languages most rapidly before the age of seven.
**흡수하다, 이해하다
**동화시키다, 적응시키다
*11. overwhelming
*11. powerful, enormous, compelling, tremendous
**Due to the overwhelming evidence, the jury convicted the man of the crime.
**압도적인, 굉장한
*12. curious
*12. inquisitive, questioning, inquiring
*12. strange, mysterious, extraordinary
**A child who is curious about the world will often do well in school.
**The Bermuda Triangle is believed to be the site of many curious events.
**호기심이 강한
**이상한, 별난
*13. alteration
*13. change, modification
**The tailor made an alteration to Kelly’s wedding dress allowing it to drape more loosely about her shoulders.
**변화, 수정
*13-1. altercation
*13-1. argument, contention
**언쟁
*14. consequence
*14. result, effect, ramification, outcome
*14. importance, significance
**The economic depression in the US was unique in its consequences.
**Electing a president is a decision of great consequence for a country.
**결과
**중요성
*15. deceive
*15. mislead, delude, cheat
**The company was accused of engaging in a deliberate effort to deceive its shareholders.
**속이다
*16. ample
*16. sizable, large, spacious, vast
*16. plentiful, abundant, more than enough
**The backyard of the house has ample room for a swimming pool and a large garden.
**Richard stocks his refrigerator with an ample supply of food and beverages for unexpected guests.
**넓은, 광대한
**풍부한
*17. resilient
*17. quick to recover, easy to recover
**After injury, young people are usually more resilient than old people.
**금방 회복하는
*18. detach
*18. separate, disconnect, disengage
*18. unconcern, indifference
**The inner lining of the coat can be detached to make the coat less bulky.
**분리하다
**무관심
*19. account
*19. description, report, narrative
**John Reed wrote a famous account of the Russian Revolution
**기술, 보고
*20. equilibrium
*20. balance, symmetry
**A market is considered to be stable when supply and demand are in equilibrium.
**균형
*21. surmise
*21. infer, guess, speculate, suspect
**Without any hard evidence to rely upon, researchers can only surmise how the death of King Tutankhamen occurred.
**추축하다
*22. unsuitable
*22. inappropriate, unfit, improper
**Films that are rated R are unsuitable for children under the age of 17.
**적합하지 않은
*23. imaginative
*23. creative, inventive, original
**Imaginative people often find unconventional solutions to difficult problems.
**창의적인
*24. imposing
*24. impressive, striking
**The Empire State Building is an imposing structure situated in the heart of New York City.
**인상적인
*25. vitality
*25. energy, liveliness, vigor
**A person’s vitality is affected by what he or she eats and how much sleep he or she gets.
**활력
*26. vehicle
*26. means, medium, instrument
**In democracies, voting is the primary vehicle for social change.
**수단, 매체
*27. hitherto
*27. previously, so far, until now
**The rose bushes that had hitherto looked dead suddenly produced flowers.
*28. plague
*28. cause a problem for, bother, annoy
*28. epidemic, infection
**Frequent delays plagued the construction project, but finally it was completed.
**괴롭히다
**전염병
*29. domain
*29. area, field
**In the domain of art, nobody is more famous than Leonardo da Vinci.
**영역
*30. indifferent
*30. uninterested, unconcerned, careless
**Many of Thomas Edison’s inventions did not succeed because the public was indifferent.
**무관심한
*31. champion
*31. support, promote, advocate, endorse
**John Dewey championed the ida that students should actively participate in the learning process.
**옹호하다
*32. deteriorate
*32. get worse, degenerate
**My grandmother’s health deteriorated lasy year, but she’s much better now.
**악화되다
*33. assault
*33. attack, aggress, assail
**John was arrested last night because he assaulted his neighbor during a noise dispute.
**폭행하다, 공격하다
*34. appropriate
*34. suitable, proper, applicable
**Brittany’s clothes were not appropriate for a job interview.
**적절한
*35. adept
*35. skilful, proficeint, deft, adroit
**The restaurant’s new chef is adept at preparing both Italian and French cuisine.
**능숙한
*35-1. adapt
*35-1. adjust, accommodate
**적응하다
*36. indeed
*36. in truth, in fact
**Indeed, technological innovations have dramatically reduced the demand for manual labor.
**사실은
*37. pursuit
*37. interest, pastime, hobby
*37. search, quest
**Pursits such as playing cards or reading books can prevent demetia in the elderly.
**취미, 오락
**추구
*38. incite
*38. stimulate, provoke, inflame, spur
**The love poem incited Todd’s emotions and he asked his girlfriend to marry him.
**자극하다
*39. guarantee
*39. ensure, secure, warrant
**The linking of medical institutions will guarantee better health care systems.
**보장하다
*40. prosperity
*40. economic well-being, wealth, fortune
**In the 1800s, economic freedom brought the US great prosperity.
**번영
*41. primarily
*41. mostly, mainly, chiefly
*41. originally, at first, initially
**Members of the country club were primarily wealthy old men.
**The Republican Party was primarily created to stop the spread of slavery.
**주로
**원래, 처음에
*42. erupt
*42. explode, burst, blow up
**In 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted and destroyed the surrounding forest.
**폭발하다
*43. trace
*43. evidence, vestige, imprint, mark
*43. track down, trail
**The results of the blood test showed traces of an illegal drug in the patient’s blood.
**자취, 흔적
**추적하다
*44. prestigious
*44. highly regarded, esteemed, respected
**Harvard University is one of the most prestigious colleges in North America.
**명성이 있는
*45. shape
*45. affect, form, influence
**Experiences that occur during childhood can shape a person’s personality.
**형성하다
*46. inflict
*46. cause, administer, exact
**Harsh weather can inflict serious damage on fruit crops.
**주다, 가하다
*47. portion
*47. part, segment, fragment
**Some portions of the massive sculpture are made of metal, while others are made of stone.
**부분
*48. coincidence
*48. chance happening
**According to the police, the suspect’s presence during the robbery was a coincidence.
**우연의 일치
*49. propel
*49. push, force, drive, impel
**The store’s security guard propelled the unruly customer out the door.
**몰아내다
*50. thoroughly
*50. completely, entirely
**The professor covered the collapse of the Mayan civilization thoroughly in class.
**철저히, 완전히
*51. contemplate
*51. consider, ponder
**John accepted a teaching position in Vancouver while he contemplated the future.
**곰곰이 생각하다
*52. unethical
*52. improper, immoral
**The students protested against the unethical treatment of animal by researchers.
**비윤리적인
*53. replica
*53. reproduce, copy, duplicate
**Janine tried to replicate the clothing style she saw in a fashion magazine.
**모사하다, 복제하다
*54. hasty
*54. hurried, rushed
**Overwhelmed by the Russian winter, Napoleon’s army performed a hasty retreat out of the country.
**황급한, 서두르는
*55. representative
*55. indicative, typical, exemplary
*55. delegate
**The fact that many celebrities attended the award show was representative of its importance.
**나타내는, 전형적인
**대표
*56. range
*56. scope, spectrum, extent
**With the invetion of the Internet, the range of media sources increased dramatically.
**범위
day 5
*1. compelling
*1. convincing, persuasive, cogent
**The speaker made some compelling arguments against immigration reform.
**설득력있는
*2. ultimately
*2. eventually, finally, in the end, lsatly
**After submitting his book to numerous publishers, the author ultimately succeeded in getting it published.
**마침내, 결국
*3. bulk
*3. mass, large quantity, great quantity
*3. majority, main part
*3. huge, enormous
**Buying its supplies in bulk, the department store chain was able to sell for less than its competitors.
**Although the bulk of the movies was boring, parts of it were funny.
**큰규모, 대량
**대부분
**부피가 큰
*4. imcompatible
*4. in conflict, discrepant, contradictory
**Budget proposals submitted by different political parties are usually incompatible.
**양립할 수 없는
*5. substantially
*5. significantly, considerably
*5. largely, mainly
**In the mid-1800s, the enrollment of females in American schools increased substantially.
**Analysts expect the political situation to remain substantially the same over the next few years.
**상당히
**대체로
*6. seek
*6. look for, search for, pursue
*6. attempt, try, essay
**The invetigator sought the truth regardless of the consequences.
**Governments must seek to balance the interests of diverse social groups
**찾다, 조사하다
**시도하다, 노력하다
*7. unanticipated
*7. not expected, unforeseen
**It is important to save money for unanticipated expenses.
**예상하지 못한
*8. merge
*8. combine, blend, fuse
**The team members decided to merge their ideas and make the presentation together.
**합치다, 융합하다
*8-1. emerge
*8-1. appear, loom
**나타나다
*9. encounter
*9. meet, experience, confront, face
**Bill encountered many obtacles that delayed the publication of his book.
**마주치다, 부닥치다
*10. residue
*10. remains, remnant, remainder
**Chalky residue on the sole of Vincent’s shoe proved that he had recently visited the murder scene.
**잔여물
*11. circumstance
*11. condition, situation
**There are no circumstances under which rare books are allowed out of the library.
**상황
*12. astonishing
*12. incredible, amazing, startling, astounding
**Estonia’s geography is astonishing because of its unusual and diverse mix of landscapes.
**놀라운, 눈부신
*13. intermittently
*13. occasionally, periodically, from time to time
**In eastern North America, it rains intermittently throughtout the year.
**간헐적으로
*14. application
*14. use, utilization, employment
**A microcomputer has a wide range of applications for mobile businesses.
**응용, 이용
*15. predominant
*15. principal, main, primary, leading
**Blue is the predominant color in Van Gogh’s Starry Night.
**주된, 주요한
*16. remote
*16. distant, secluded, removed
*16. faint, slim
**While Watson was smoking, George would sit in a remote corner
**멀리 떨어진
**희박한
*17. inordinate
*17. excessive, exorbitant, undue
**The use of inordinate amounts of pesticide and synthetic fertilizer on crops is against the law.
**과도한
*18. lauch
*18. start, begin, initiate, commence
**The government is planning to launch a major forestry campaign.
**시작하다
*19. trend
*19. tendency, inclination, direction
**The current trend is towards more part-time employment.
**경향, 추세
*20. embodiment
*20. concrete example, epitome
**The dimigod Herculues from Greek mythology is the embodiment of masculinity.
**전형, 구체화된 것
*21. colonize
*21. inhabit, populate
*21. conquer
**Fire ants colonize grasslands whereas carpenter ants tend to live in wooded areas.
**The Spanish were the first Europeans to colonize America.
**서식하다
**식민지화하다
*22. affect
*22. influence, impact, act on
*22. pretend, assume
**The scientists are currently studying how climate affects marine animal populations.
**영향을 미치다
**~인 척하다
*23. speculation
*23. supposition, conjecture, surmise
**There was much speculation in the office as to who the new employee would be.
**추측
*24. compound
*24. add to, intesify, worsen
*24. mixture, blend
**The doctor said that scratching an insert bite would only compound the itchiness.
**더하다, 악화시키다
**혼합물
*25. fascinating
*25. extremly attractive, captivating, enthralling
**Jackson Pollock’s paintings are characterized by fascinating combinations of colors and shapes.
**매혹적인
*26. constellation
*26. collection, combination, group
**Jerusalem is a city that is known for its constellation of cultures.
**모임, 무리
*27. unconsolidated
*27. loose, incoherent
**Erosion rates are highest in places with unconsolidated soil.
**굳지 않은
*28. outstanding
*28. excellent, remarkable, prominent
*28. unpaid
**The writer’s speech was so outstanding that years later people still quote from it.
**Susan has quite a few outstanding debts this month.
**뛰어난
**미지불의, 처리되지 않은
*29. outcome
*29. result, consequence, conclusion
**The researchers were surprised by the outcome of the psychology experiment.
**결과
*30. document
*30. record, report, paper
*30. verify, support
**The archaeologists found ancient documents in a cave in the desert.
**문서, 기록
**입증하다
*31. intrinsically
*31. fundamentally, essentially
**Unlike money, gold and diamonds are considered to be intrinsically valuable.
**본질적으로
*32. disputatious
*32. contetious, argumetative, quarrelsome
**The disagreement got heated quickly because both people involved were highly disputatious.
**논쟁을 좋아하는
*33. diverse
*33. varied, various, manifold, dissimilar
**Russell’s genius lies in getting people of diverse backgrounds to work together.
**다양한, 다른
*34. eerie
*34. odd, strange
**The book 1984 was an eerie prediction of the future.
**기묘한
*35. tenuous
*35. weak, insubstantial
**Germany provided a tenuous jstification for its invacion of Poland in 1939.
**빈약한
*36. eradicate
*36. remove, root up, extirpate, eliminate
**The US spend $50 billion per year trying to eradicate drug use.
**근절하다
*37. prone to
*37. susceptible to, likely to get
**Young children are prone to illness because their immune systems are not well developed.
**~하기 쉬운
*38. lodge
*38. embed, implant
**The meteor flew in from outer space and lodged in the rock.
**박히다
*39. gather mementum
*39. make progress, gain impetus
**Business at the new book shop was slow at first, but soon it started to gather mementum.
**탄력이 붙다
*40. viable
*40. able to survive
**A fetus is considered viable after it has endured 20 weeks inside the womb.
**생존 가능한
*41. impediment
*41. obstacle, obstruction, barrier
**If Ben puts his mind to something, no impediment can stop him from reaching his goals.
**장애물
*42. arid
*42. dry, barren, sterile, waterless
**To perform a construction project in an arid desert, a great amount of water is needed.
**메마른
*42-1. acrid
*42-1. pungent
**매운, 콕 쏘는 듯한
*43. credible
*43. believable, reliable, plausible
**Internet websites are not always credible sources of information.
**믿을 수 있는
*44. vacate
*44. abandon, evacuate, void
**The typhoon forced residents to vacate the area near the coast.
**떠나다, 비우다
*45. cushion
*45. protect, buffer
**Exercise shoes have a layer of foam that cushions the foot from the impact of running.
**보호하다, 충격을 완화하다
*46. peculiar
*46. unique, distinc, particular
*46. strange, unusual, odd
**The idiomatic expression is peculiar to the British dialect of the English language.
**The zoologists were puzzled by the animal’s peculiar behavior.
*47. attributable to
*47. caused by, ascribable to
**The World Health Organization stated that 12 percent of global deaths is attributable to smoking.
**~에 기인하는
*48. enact
*48. make into law, establish, pass, adopt
*48. stage, perform
**The civil rights movement pressured Congress to enact a new law in 1964.
**제정하다
**상연하다
*49. stratified
*49. layered
**Stratified rock helps geologists determine the age of geological deposits.
**층으로 이루어진
*50. with regard to
*50. in terms of, with respect to, concerning
**Stricter regulations with regard to genetically modified foods are being considered.
**~에 관하여
*51. turbulent
*51. violent, agitated, tumultuous
**The increase in civil wars around the world is a sign of our turbulent times.
**격동하는
*52. appraisal
*52. evaluation, assessment, estimation
**Employees are given formal appraisals every six months.
**평가
*53. erroneous
*53. wrong, incorrect, mistaken, false
**All of team agreed that it was an erroneous conclusion.
**잘못된
*54. proponent
*54. supporter, advocate, adherent, parisan
**Huxley’s grandfather was a famous biologist and proponent of Darwin’s theories.
**지지자
*55. absolute
*55. unqualified, complete, utter
**Mr. Jones developed a worldwide reputation as an absolute expert in his field of study.
**an unqualified success(절대적인 성공)
**절대적인, 완전한
*56. gratify
*56. satisfy, please
**With its new and unique sound, Beethoven’s symphoney gratified audiences in Vienna.
**만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다
day 4
1. readily
**easily, effortlessly, quickly - 손쉽게, 즉시
**In the experiment,rats readily learned to associate certain behaviors with rewards.
*willingly, without reluctance - 기꺼이
**When Nathan was offered a larger office, he readily accepted it.
2. advocate
**promote, speak in favor of, argue in support of - 지지하다
**The lobbyist is advocating the new bill in his letter to the senator.
*proponent, supporter, upholder - 지지자
**Norman Sisisky was a strong advocate for defense spending during nine terms in Congress.
3. utterly
**completely, totally - 완전히
**John enjoyed the movie, but he was utterly surprised by the movie’s ending.
4. abound
**overflow, teem, be plentiful, be numerous - 아주 많다, 풍부하다
**Wild dolphins abound in Canada’s Bay of Fundy.
5. formidable
**impressive - 어마어마한, 경외감을 일으키는
**The creation of the United Nations was a formidable achievement in international cooperation.
*difficult to handle - 만만치 않은, 감당하기 어려운
**For working parents, raising children is formidable.
6. enormous
**huge, very large, great, immense, vast, tremendous - 거대한
**China’s enormous population poses a major challenge for the country’s food production system.
7. disband
**dismiss, disperse, break up - 해산시키다
**The government has promised to disband the rebel group before the end of the year.
8. alleged
**supposed, assumed - 추정의
**Investigators interviewd the alleged victim of the crime several times.
9. renowned
**famous, celebrated, prominent, eminent - 유명한
**The renowned scientist was disgraced when it was discovered that he had lied about his work.
10. versatile
**adaptable, flexible - 융통성 있는, 다방면의
**Because of the ever-changing economy, the need for versatile workers is greater than ever before.
11. prohibitive
**unaffordable, extreme, exorbitant - 값이 엄청나게 비싼
**For most New Yorkers, the cost of an apartment in Manhattan is prohibitive.
12. option
**choice, selection - 선택(권)
**John had the option of learning German or French.
13. inherent
**innate, built-in, essential, congenital - 타고난, 본래의
**The need to be loved and recognized is an inherent part of human beings.
14.justify
**rightfully, justifiably, lawfully - 공정하게, 정당하게
**The judge justly sentenced the ciminal to life in prison.
15. provoke
**incite, bring about, give rise to - 불러일으키다
**At some point during their argument, Betty’s rude attitude proboked Sam’s anger.
16. impermeable
**impenetrable, impervious - 침투되지 않는, 통과사키지 않는
**Shale is a compacted sedimentary rock that is more impermeable to water thatn sandstone.
17. momentous
**significant, major, meaningful, substantial - 중대한
**The signing of the Declaration of lndependence was a mementous occasion in American history.
18. forestall
**prevent, hinder, avert - 미연에 방지하다
**The union leader forestalled a riot by telling the strikers to disperse.
*19. therefore
*19. consequently, as a result, thus, hence
*그 결과
**Giles was constantly falling asleep in history class and therefore scored very poorly on the final exam.
*20. persuade
*20. convince, induce
*설득하다
**Dan persuaded Nancy to go to Italy with him for vacation.
*21. proximity
*21. closeness, nearness
*가까움
**Proximity to a good school is a vital consideration for parents that plan on relocating to a new city.
*22. dependable
*22. reliable, trustworthy
*신뢰할 수 있는
**A successful president typically has a dependable staff that offers advice and guidance.
*23. ensuring
*23. subsequent, following, succeeding
*뒤이은, 다음의
**The earthquake and the ensuing aftershocks destroyed much of San Francisco in 1906.
*24. apreciably
*24. noticeably, significantly, considerably
**The temperature dropped appreciably this morning.
**상당히
*25. obligate
*25. force, coerce, compel, constrain
**Most states obligate companies and other organizations to apply the minimum wage law.
**의무를 지우다, 강요하다
*26. wholesale
*26. extensive, mass
*26. completely
**The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico caused the wholesale destruction of the marine ecosystem.
**대규모의
**The editor’s suggestions regarding the document were accepted wholesale
**모조리, 통틀어서
*27. dweller
*27. inhabitant, resident, occupant
**City dwellers tend to have a higher cost of living than those residing in the country.
**거주자
*28. tacit
*28. implicit, implied, unspoken
**The two countries made a tacit agreement to end the war, but they did not actually sign a peace treaty.
**무언의, 암묵적인
*29. resolve
*29. settle, find a solution for, solve
**In some cases, mediators can help parties resolve legal disputes without going to court.
**해결하다
*30. merit
*30. value, worth, virtue
**The great merit of the poems is that they make us aware of previously unperceived possibilities.
**가치
*31. notion
*31. concept, general idea, opinion, view
**The notion that one is born as a blank slate has long been abandoned by most psychologists.
**개념, 견해
*32. synthesize
*32. integrate, combine, coalesce
**A financial analyst must be able to synthesize data from a variety of sources.
**통합하다
*33. spectrum
*33. range, scope, extent
**A Renaissance man possesses a broad spectrum of interests that includes the academic and the artistic.
**범위
*34. stream
*34. flow, current
**It ws difficult for the plumber to tell where the stream of liquid was coming from.
**흐름
*35. rupture
*35. burst, break apart, split, tear
*35. breach, discord
**Patty’s eardrum ruptured due to the sound of the explosion.
**파열되다, 찟어지다
**The rupture in Amy and Diana’s friendship was resolved after Amy apologized.
**불화
*36. presuppose
*36. assume, suppose, presume
**High-level chemistry courses presuppose that students have a basic knowledge of chemical structures.
**가정하다
*37. well-to-do
*37. wealthy, affluent, rich
**In the early days of air travel, flight tickets were so expensive that only well-to-do people could afford them.
**부유한
*38. appeal
*38. plead, request, ask, beg
**The students appealed to the professor for more time to study for the exam.
**간청하다
*39. accurately
*39. correctly, precisely, exactly
**Many doctors use electronic thermometers to accurately determine their patients’ temperatures.
**정확하게
*40. fastidious
*40. demanding, choosy
**The director would film the same scene hundreads of times becuase he was so fastidious.
**까다로운
*41. contraction
*41. reduction, diminution
**For most companies, a contraction in sales can mean a huge loss in revenues.
**감소, 축소
*42. stimulus
*42. impetus, motivation, incentive, incitement
**Jack’s dream of owning a house is a stimulus for him to work hard.
**자극
*43. track
*43. follow, chase, monitor
**A bearded man tracked Jane to her dormitory.
**뒤쫓다, 추적하다
*44. tame
*44. domesticate, train
**According to a recent study, dogs were first tamed in prehistoric Europe.
**길들이다
*45. install
*45. put in place, set up, position
**Many cities have installed radar systems at intersections to discourage reckless driving.
**설치하다
*46. chronicle
*46. record, history
**Anne Frank’s diary was a chronicle of her life during the Holocaust.
**기록, 연대기
*47. novel
*47. new, innovative, unusual
**Graphic calculators were highly novel in the 1960s.
**새로운, 신기한
*48. isolated
*48. remote, solitary, secluded
**Henry David Thoreau spent years living in an isolated cabin.
**외딴
*49. exposed
*49. visible, revealed, uncovered
**In the 19th century, it was considered shocking to see a woman with exposed ankles in public.
**드러난, 노출된
*50. intermingled
*50. mixed, combined, blended
**Toss the salad and chill it overnight until the flavors are intermingled.
**섞인
*51. succulent
*51. juicy, pulpy
**Aloe is a plant that stores water in its succulent leaves.
**즙이 많은
*52. homogeneous
*52. unvarying, akin
**The new apartment building is composed of one hundred homogeneous units.
**동종의, 균질의
*53. era
*53. period, epoch, age
**The microchip initiated the era of the personal computer.
**시대
*54. threat
*54. intention to harm, menace
**Rabbits’ large ears give them excellent hearing that allows them to detect any threats in their environment.
**위협
*55. foul
*55. pollute, contaminate
**During the Industrial Revolution, the smoke from factories fouled the air of many urban areas.
**더럽히다
*56. prey
*56. victim
**Elderly people are often the prey of phone scams and identity theft.
**희생자
*57. practically
*57. nearly
**By the 1970s, browm pelicans were practically extinct in the US.
**거의
day 3
1. simultaneous
**concurrent, happening at the same time, synchronous - 동시의
**Ther was a flash of lightning and a simultaneous roll of thunder
2. vast
**extensive, immense, great, huge, enormous - 광대한, 거대한
**The continent the pilgrims had begun settling upon was unimaginably vast.
3. reluctant
**unwilling, disinclined, loath - 꺼리는
**The archaeologists were reluctant to disturb the fragile pottery at the ancient site.
4. conjecture
**speculation, guess, supposition - 추측
**The existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe is dismissed as conjecture by most scientists.
5. embed
**fix, insert, implant, root
**The story of the American Dream has been embedded deeply in American culture.
6. vow
**pledge, promise, oath - 서약, 맹세
**After the couple recited their vows, they were declared married.
7. counter
**oppose, act against, refute - 반박하다
**The two lawyers used different interpretations of the same data to counter each other’s conclusions.
8. apparent
**clear, evident, obvious - 분명한
**It was apparent to all that Henry had not rehearsed his speech.
*seeming, exterior, superficial - 외관상의
**The apparent cause of the car accident was faulty brakes, but investigators were considering other possibilities.
9. bombard
**strike, assail, attack - 폭격하다, 공격하다
**Warplanes bombarded the city until it was demolished.
10. reveal
**make known, show, unveil, nucover, expose - 밝히다, 드러내다
**Merill revealed that the compnay will concentrate on sales of its digital video cameras.
11. sturdy
**well-built, strong, robust, stalwart - 튼튼한
**The school purchased sturdy desks and chairs that are expected to last several years.
12. traditionally
**typically - 통상적으로, 관습적으로
**In the early 20th century, girls and boys were traditionally taught separately.
13. correspondingly
**similarly, likewise - 그에 상응하여
**Oil prices went down, so the cost of airline tickets has correspondingly decreased.
14. trigger
**cause, generate, initiate, start, stimulate, activate - 일으키다
**News of the court’s decision triggered riots and fires in L.A.
15. vigorous
**strong and healthy, strong, energetic - 강건한, 활기찬
**Despite the man’s advanced age, he remained physically vigorous.
*forceful - 강력한
**The police officer was known for his vigorous enforcement of drinking and driving laws.
16. spontaneous
**voluntary, unprompted - 자발적인
**Sarah’s successful jump at the cheerleading contest brought a spontaneous cheer from the crowd.
*automatic, unplanned, involuntary - 무의식적인, 저절로 움직이는
**When Cindy heared the good news, a spontaneous smile appeared on her face.
17. miniature
**small, tiny, diminutive - 소형의
**One museum in San Diego contains the world’s largest collection of miniature trains.
18. commission
**order, hire - 의뢰하다
**In the past, it was common for countries to commission artists to create portraits of the king and queen.
19. remarkable
**extraordinary, incredible, notable, significant - 놀라운, 주목할 만한
**Charles Dickens had remarkable mental and physical energy.
20. effort
**attempt, endeavor, exertion - 노력
**The effort to increase wages brought about hundreads of strikes in the 1850s.
21. manifestation
**indication, sign, symptom, evidence - 징후
**Eating disorders can be a manifestation of low self-esteem in adolescent girls.
22. prior
**previous, former, earlier - 이전의
**Unlike the prior administration, the current one supports universal health care.
23. cast about
**seek, search, hunt - 찾아다니다
**Unsure how to increase the company’s profits, George cast about for solutions from his colleagues.
24. rigorous
**strict, severe, demanding, precise - 엄격한
**Athletes should follow a rigorous training schedule to be competitive.
*harsh - 혹독한
**The rigorous climate of the Arctic makes it inhospitable to humans.
25. compulsory
**obligatory, forced, required, necessary - 의무적인, 강제적인
**In Britain, education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16.
26. subsidiary
**less important, auxiliary, subordinate - 부수적인
**The CEO said that the rest of the details for the merger were subsidiary and could be discussed at a later time.
27. status
**standing, prestige, importance - 지위, 위신
**Donald’s father was the town doctor, so he was a man of high status in the community.
28. emphasize
**stress, highlight, underline - 강조하다
**The president emphasized the need for the entire country to be on high alert against terrorism.
29. largely
**generally, mostly, mainly - 대부분
**Korea’s citizens are largely of Korean descent, although there is a sizeable foreign population as well.
30. experimental
**trial, tentative - 시험적인
**Vaccines go through an experimental phase to make sure that they are safe before being released.
31. drain
**withdraw liquid gradually, remove water - 물을 빼내다
**The sink should be drained after each use.
32. denote
**indicate, signify, represent - 나타내다, 표시하다
**A raised head and flattened neck denote that a cobra is about to strike.
33. repudiate
**reject, disclaim - 거부하다
**Martin Luther King Jr. Repudiated violence as a means to solve problems.
34. contradictory
**inconsistent, paradoxical, conflicting - 모순되는
**The soldiers were puzzled by the general’s contradictory behavior.
35. propagate
**multiply, reproduce - 번식하다, 증식시키다
**Many sigle-cell organisms propagate by dividing into two identical copies.
36. ensure
**guarantee, assure, warrant - 보장하다
**Stricter security regulations have been put in place at airports to ensure the safety of travelers.
37. pore
**hole - 작은 구멍
**Plants have pores on their leaves so that they can breathe.
*stare, gaze - 자세히 보다, 응시하다
**The copy editor had to pore over the report in order to find the tiny mistake.
38. alternate
**take turns, rotate, interchange - 번갈아 일어나다
**Good luck and misfortune alternate with each otehr throughout our lives.
39. devastating
**destructive, ruinous - 파괴적인
**During World War II, Stalingrad suffered a devastating defeat, with some 1.5 million people losing their lives.
40. mingle with
**associate with, mix with, consort with - ~와 어울리다
**Company morale improves when managers mingle with staff at social events.
41. continued
**ongoing, constant, incessant, ceaseless - 계속적인
**The continued success of the company depends on its ability to adapt to the changing economy.
42. attempt
**try, seek, endeavor - 시도하다
**In Thomas More’s Utopia, the characters attempt to create an ideal world.
43. subterfuge
**trick, deception - 속임수
**The magician’s act seemed real, but it was just a subterfuge.
44. convert
**change, transform - 바꾸다
**The workers at the factory perform dangerous tasks to convert raw iron ore into finished steel.
45. contention
**debate, argument, disagreement - 논쟁
**Contentions among evolutionists involve how the human species evolved.
46. migrate
**move around, travel - 이주하다
**The five tribes agreed to migrate beyond the Mississippi in order to establish a new home.
47. succession
**sequence, series - 연속
**Melody is the succession of sounds.
48. tentativeness
**hesitation, indecision - 망설임
**Tentativeness is often shown by young children in unfamiliar situations.
49. fragmentary
**incomplete, fractional, partial - 단편적인
**The trauma victim had only fragmentary memories of the accident.
50. legendary
**famous - 유명한, 전설적인
**ㅇLed Zeppelin’s guitarist Jimmy Page became legendary for his unique playing style.
*mythical - 전설상의
**Dragons are legendary creatures that are featured prominently in the folklore of many cultures.
51. setback
**defeat, reverse - 패배
**Despite early setbacks, George Washington led the Continental Army to victory against the British.
52. fine-tune
**adjust slightly - 미세하게 조정하다
**Software companies use feedback from customers to fine-tune programs for better performance.
53. enthusiastic
**eager, ardent, zealous - 열광적인
**The citizenry was enthusiastic about the decision to cut taxes by 10 percent.
54. loose
**not strict, relaxed, slack - 느슨한
**The office dress code was loose and allowed employees to wear jeans and T-shirts.
55. portrait
**picture - 초상화
**Art students study how to draw portraits that capture the subject’s personality.
56. terminology
**vocabulary, jargon, language - 전문용어
**Science articles that are meant for a general audience should avid complex terminology.
day 2
1. virtually
**in effect, essentially, almost, nearly, almost totally - 사실상, 거의
**Jane’s decision to resign was virtually an admission of guilt.
2. unprecedented
**unlike anything in the past, unique, novel, new - 전례 없는, 새로운
**To receive a patent, an invetion’s design and purpose must be unprecedented.
3. grow accustomed to
**become used to, become familiar with - ~에 익숙해지다
**While living in Seoul, Tom grew accustomed to traffic jams.
4. intrigue
**interest, fascinate, attract - 흥미를 끌다
**The discovery of a new planet that is similar to the Earth intrigued scientists.
5. implausible
**unlikely, unbelievable, improbable - 믿기 어려운
**As implausible as it seems, a snake and a hamster in a Tokyo zoo have become friends.
6. decline
**weakening, decay - 쇠퇴, 쇠락
**The decline of the Roman Empire began in the 4th century.
*decrease, lessen, fall - 줄다, 검소하다
**The singer’s popularity has been declining since the scandal.
*refuse, reject - 거절하다
**Daniel declined to go to the movie theater with Lisa despite her repeated invitations.
7. contemporary
**modern, present-day, current - 현대의
**The Internet is an essential tool for doing business in contemporary society.
*coexisting, concurrent - 동시대의
**Van Gogh and Gauguin were contemporary artists and good frends.
8. allocate
**distribute, allot, designate, earmark - 할당하다, 배정하다
**The plan allocates $24 million to City Opera for a new theater downtown.
9. drastically
**severely, strikingly, extemely - 극심하게
**The National Weather Service issued a warning when the weather changed drastically.
10. heterogeneous
**varied, assorted, mixed - 잡다한, 혼성의
**English includes words from a heterogeneous collection of other languages.
11. conspicuous
**noticeable, clearly visible, prominent, obvious - 뚜렷한
**Sharon’s addiction to alcohol became conspicuous as she lost conrol of her drinking habit.
12. prolific
**fertile, fruitful, productive, abundant - 다산의, 풍부한
**Rabbits are prolific breeders, with females able to produce hundreds of babies.
13. fluctuation
**change, variation, variance - 변동
**Even minor temperature fluctuations can be dangerous to tropical fish
14. encourage
**promote, prompt, motivate - 촉진하다
**Many studies show that exercise encourages the growth of new brain cells.
*cheer up, hearten - 격려하다
**The patients at the hospital were encouraged by the movie star’s visit.
15. abrupt
**sudden, sharp, unexpected - 갑작스러운
**The airbag was wrongly released when the car made an abrupt stop.
16. evaluate
**judge, assess, gauge, appraise - 평가하다
**Judges use several criteria to evaluate Olymic gymnasts’ performances.
17. comprehensive
**thorough, complete, exhuastive - 종합적인
**Before entering a foreign market, firms conduct a comprehensive study of the country.
18. engrave
**carve, incise, etch - 새기다
**Julie can engrave designs in all kinds of materials, such as wood, leather, and metal.
19. slight
**minor, small, trivial, mild - 하찮은, 경미한
**A proofreader will often make slight changes to the final draft of a novel.
20. monotonous
**unvaried, boring, tedious, dull - 단조로운, 지루한
**Eric quit his job on the assembly line because his tasks were so monotonous.
21. regard
**consider, think of, see - 생각하다, 간주하다
**Despite the depth and complexity of comic books, soem people regard them as childish.
*attention, notice - 관심
**The professor gave little regard to student concerns about the exam’s being too difficult.
22. obsession with
**fixation on, preoccupation with - ~에 대한 집착
**Some teenagers have an obsession with the Internet and social media.
23. optimize
**make the best use of - 최대한 잘 활용하다
**The international community should optimize the use of non-renewable fossil fule resources.
24. supplant
**replace, substitute, displace, supersede - 대체하다
**3D printers are expected to supplant traditional manufacturing methods.
25. colossal
**enormous, monstrous, gigantic - 거대한, 엄청난
**The government paid a colossal sum for accidnets regardless of the cause.
26. diffuse
**spread, distribute, scatter - 퍼뜨리다
**The stove diffused its warmth all over the house.
27. mecahnics
**procedure - 방법
**In the course, students will learn about the mechanics of good writing.
28. susceptible to
**likely to get, vulnerable to, pron to - ~에 걸리기 쉬운, 영향받기 쉬운
**Thanks to her healthy immune system, Mrs. Ferguson was not susceptible to the flu.
29. emanate
**emerge, spring, originate - (빛, 향기 등이) 나다
**When an unpleasant odor emanates from a pipe, it could indicate a gas leak.
30. conventionally
**customarily, traditionally - 관례적으로
**Americans convertionally have a three-day breaqk from work and school on Thanksgiving.
31. expansive
**large, broad, wide, extensive - 넓은, 광대한
**The expansive lawns in Central Park are popular among visitors.
32. sporadically
**occasionally, at intervals, infrequently - 이따금씩
**The Sun sporadically emits bursts of energy known as solar storms.
33. comparative
**relative - 상대적인
**Next to economy-class passengers, those seated in the business-class section travel in comparative comfort.
34. stamp out
**eliminate, eradicate, extirpate - 근절하다
**Medical researchers are working hard to stamp out caner.
35. stagnation
**low growth, downturn - 침체
**The recent unemployment problem is due to stagnation in the economy.
36. innate
**inborn, natural, native - 선천적인
**There are some innate differences between men and women.
37. obsolete
**out of date, outdated, unused, out of use - 쓸모없게 된, 쓰이지 않는
**The page has now become obsolete because of advances in mobile communications.
38. specify
**state, define, stipulate - 명시하다
**The menu specified that all of the restaurant’s dishes were prepared with organic ingredients.
39. endure
**tolerate, survive, suffer, persevere - 견디다
**The first European clonists in North America endured many hardships.
*last, continue, persist - 지속하다
**Charles Darwin’s reputation as a visionary has endured through the years.
40. conceivable
**imaginable, thinkable, possible - 생각할 수 있는
**Volunteers are triying every conceivable method to control the wildfire.
41. sufficiently
**adequately, amply, satisfactorily - 충분히
**Teachers must sufficiently prepare their students to move up to the next grade level.
42. entail
**involve, cause - 수반하다, 일으키다
**Building the Panama Canal was dangerous, so it entailed a serious risk for the workers.
*require, demand - 필요로 하다
**Farming has always entailed long hours of labor.
43. depict
**picture, portray, represent - 묘사하다
**The people depicted in the painting are former senators.
44. integration
**union, unification - 통합
**Race relations in America changed with the integration of white and black schools.
45. stockpile
**store up, save, reserve - 비축하다
**Squirrels stockpile food under the ground during the winter.
46. capture
**seize, catch, trap, grab - 붙잡다
**The spy was captured in a small town after hiding there for many years.
47. landscape
**scenery, scene, view - 풍경
**Even tough it was dark, a giant moon lit the road so brightly that we could see the landscape clearly.
48. elaborately
**with great detail - 정교하게
**Because the new law is very complicated, the senator explained it elaborately.
49. autonomous
**independent, self-determining - 자율적인
**Many college students become autonomous for the first time in their lives.
50. boom
**flourish, thrive, prosper, rapidly expand - 갑자기 번창하다
**During the Civil War, the American economy boomed.
51. spremacy
**dominance, predominance, ascendancy - 우위
**In the 1920s, Henry Ford lost the battle for supremacy in the automobile industry to General Motors.
52. ravage
**destory, demolish, devastate, ruin - 파괴하다
**The large hurricane that ravaged the city of New Orleans caused extensive flooding.
53. authority
**expert, master, specialist - 권위자, 대가
**The keynote speaker of the seminar was an authority on cultural anthropology.
54. plug
**fill up, stuff, pack - 메우다, 채우다
**The townspeople plugged the old, unused well with concrete so no one would fall in accidentally.
55. discrepancy
**inconsistency, disparity, dissimilarity - 불일치
**Check your tax forms to ensure there is no discrepancy between your reported and actual income.
56. elucidate
**clarify, explain, make clear - 명료하게 설명하다
**Dr. Magness further elucidated the topic of his lecture on mink faring through a series of examples.
day 1
1. exploit
**utilize, use, make use of, take advantage of - 이용하다
**Human rights activists have led protests against companies that exploit child labor.
2. account for
**explain, justifiy, give a reason for - 설명하다
**The suspect couldn’t account for his whereabouts las night.
*make up, compricse, constitute - 차지하다
**Coffee exports account for nearly 60 percent of Ethiopia’s ross national product
*cause - 원인이 되다
**Unsafe working conditions at the construction site accounted for a number of serious injuries.
3. particular
**specific, special - 특정한, 특별한
**Galileo tried to disprove one particular statement of Aristotle’s.
4. prominent
**noticeable, conspicuous, outstanding, remarkable - 눈에 띄는
**Mt. Fuji is a prominent natural landmark in Japan.
*important, leading, notable - 중요한
**William Shaespeare is one of the most prominent figures in the history of English literature.
5. replenish
**refill, restore, renew - 보충하다
**The travelers replenished their supplies of water before crossing the desert
6. indigenous
**native, aboriginal - 토착의
**The government ignored environmental complaints by indigenous groups.
7. pinpoint
**locate exactly, clearly idenifiey - 정확히 찾아내다
**With GPS technology, it is possible to pinpoint a person’s position anywhere on the planet.
*precise, exact accurate - 정확한
**After years of training, baseball pitchers develop pinpoint control of the ball
8. annihilate
**destroy, completely remove, exterminate - 전멸시키다
**An asteroid impact 65.5 million years ago neraly annihilated all living things on the planet.
9. conversely
**on the other hand, contrarily - 반대로
**Texting is growing more popular as a form of ocommunication, while, conversely phone calls are becoming less common.
10. investigate
**examine, inquire into, look into - 조사하다
**The police will investigate the crime scene after they interview the witnesses.
11. assure
**convince, persuade, satisfy, guarantee - 확신시키다, 보장하다
**The lawyer assured Tim that all his rights would be respected.
12. entire
**whole, total, complete - 전체의, 전부의
**Fire destroyed the entire factory, but the owner plans to rebuild it.
13. compensate for
**make up for, atone for, make amends for - ~을 보상하다
**The chemical company was ordered to pay millions of dollars to compensate for polluting the river.
*balance, offset - 상쇄하다
**The manager compensated for the unfair distribution of duties by assigning more work to certain staff.
14. postulate
**hypothesize, suppose, claim, propose - 가정하다, 주장하다
**Isaac Newton postulated that gravity pulls objects toward the Earth.
15. magnify
**enlarge, increase, amplify, intesify - 확대하다
**Microscopes are used to magnify objects that are not visible to the naked eye.
16. afford
**give, offer, provide, grant - 주다, 제공하다
**George’s high marks in high school afforded him may oppportunities to enter a good university
17. conclusive
**definitive, final, enough to settle the issue, clear - 결정적인, 확실한
**The experiment failed to provide any conclusive evidence of the theroy’s validity.
18. unsophisticated
**simple, uncomplicated, not complex - 단순한, 복잡하지 않은
**The inventor used unsophisticated technology in his flying machine, and it crashed soon after takeoff.
19. justified
**right, legitimate, just, reasonable - 정당한
**The CEO felt justified in firing the dishonest employee.
20. deliberate
**intentional, designed, planned - 의도적인, 계획적인
**The film’s action scenes were deliberate attempts to grab the attention of a specific audience.
*careful, cautious, thoughtful - 신중한
**The parliamen reduced funcing for many programs in a deliberate effort to cut the deficit.
21. depend on
**rely on, count on - 의존하다, 의지하다
**Baby dolphins depend on their mothers to feed and protect them.
22. substatiate
**confirm, prove, authenticate, verify - 입증하다
**Robert Peary was unable to substantiate that he had reached the North Pole in 1909.
23. successively
**one after another, sequentially - 잇따라서
**The magazine editor spoke with each applicant successively to discuss their qualifications for the job.
24. pervasive
**widespread, prevalent - 퍼지는, 만연하는
**It is often argued that the pervasive influence of television on today’s youth is harming society.
25. strenuous
**intense, arduous, laborious - 격렬한, 힘든
**Gina’s muscles were very sore after her strenuous workout at the gym.
26. sleek
**smooth, silky - 매끄러운
**Octopuses usually have sleek skin, but it can become rough or bumpy when frightened.
27. invoke
**call upon, pray to, conjure - 빌다, 기원하다
**The Aztecs sometimes invoked their gods to bring a good harvest.
28. impressive
**striking, remarkable - 인상적인, 대단한
**This fourth of July, the city of Boston gave an impressive fireworks show that lasted alomost four hours.
29. conjunction
**combination, union - 결합
**The abundant sea life near South Africa is due to the conjuction of two major ocean currents.
30. astoundingly
**incredibly, surprisngly, shockingly, astonishingly - 몹시 놀랍게도
**The fall colors in the mountains are astouningly beautiful.
31. aftermath
**result, outcome, consequence, aftereffect - 결과, 여파
**Many nations provided aid to Thailand in response to the aftermath of the tsunami.
32. promptly
**quickly, instantly, strightaway - 신속하게, 즉시
**With modern shipping methods, people are able to receive packages promptly after placing an order.
33. subdue
**defeat, conquer, vanquish - 정복하다
**In 530 AD, Roman forces subdued the Persian army in Mesopotamia.
34. extant
**surviving, in existence, existing, living, remaining -현존하는
**The oldest extant painting of an American city is a portrait of Philadelphia in 120.
35. sedentary
**statinary, settled - 주로 앉아 있는, 정착성의
**Rosa’s obesity is partly due to her sedentary occupation.
36. eliminate
**get rid of, remove, discard - 없애다, 제거하다
**The government eliminated funds for day care centers.
37. perfect
**refine, improve, develop - 개선하다, 완벽하게 하다
**Before moving to China, Greg wants to perfect his Chinese skills.
38. genuine
**true, real, authentic - 진짜의
**Janet always keeps a genuine copy of the business contract in her files.
39. dominant
**prevailing, prominent, supreme, chief, ruling - 우세한, 주요한
**The dominant theroy in healthcare is that obesity is caused by lifestyle choices.
40. unrivaled
**unequaled, unparalleled, matchless, peerless - 비할 데 없는
**The skill of Renaissance painters is unrivaled even today.
41. paradox
**contradiction, absurdity - 모순된 말
**Despite being a paradox, the saying “one must be cruel to be kind” is true in many situations.
42. neglect
**ignore, disregard - 무시하다
**Because the sailor neglected the weather warnings, he put himself in danger.
*fail, forget - 하지 않다, 잊다
**The tiger escaped when one of the zoo workers neglected to lock its cage.
43. recall
**remember, recollect - 상기하다, 생각해내다
**Many famous writers have kep diaries to help them recall the past
44. ascent
**rise, climb, mount, go up - 올라가다
**A few moments after the plane made a smooth departure, it swiftly ascended into the clouds.
45. solid
**substantial, fixed, sturdy, robust - 확고한, 견고한
**The case remained unsolved because there was a lack of solid evidence.
46. contour
**outline - 윤곽, 외형
**The contours of the Atlantic coast are very irregular.
47. inhabit
**live in, occupy, dwell in - 거주하다
**The first people to inhabit Cuba were the Ciboney, a friendly ribe related to the Arawak.
48. irrevocably
**permanently, irreversibly, irretrievably - 돌이킬 수 없게
**During World War 2, many historical buildings in London were irrevocably damaged.
49. superficially
**apparently, not deeply, externally, on the surface - 표면적으로
**The team-building workshop was superficially a success, but in reality, the office workers still ahd low morale.
50. stunted
**underdeveloped, hindered, hampered - 발달이 저해된, 성장을 멈춘
**The stunted trees had grown to barely three feet high.
51. malleable
**flexible - 두들겨 펼 수 있는
**When heated to high temperatures, iron and steel become malleable.
52. mean
**signify, express, indicate - 의미하다, 나타내다
**Harold’s remark meant that he would retire from his position at the agency soon.
*average - 평균
**Household incomes in the US vary, but the mean was around $60,000 in 2004.
53. exclude
**keep out, leave out - 차단하다, 배제하다
**It’s possible to set up the online forum to allow some peole to join and to exclude others.
54. mature
**get older, grow up, age - 성숙해지다
**As people mature, their personlities and interests often change.
55. pillar
**column, post - 기둥
**Classical Romean architecture featured several outdoor pillars surrounding a building.
56. encroachment
**invasion, intrusion - 잠식, 침입
**The encroachment of genetically modified organisms into the food supply worries many consumers.
57. no wonder
**unsurprisingly, unsurpring - 놀랄 일이 아닌
**Over eight million people live in New York City, so no wonder it is crowded.